Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• develop the basic ideas necessary to understand some advanced concepts in aerodynamics.
• cover the aerodynamic effects that constrain an aircraft design.
• appreciate the challenges of reducing the environmental impact of aviation.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• have an appreciation of the aerodynamic factors likely to feature in the designs of new aircraft.
• have an understanding of the behaviour of boundary layers over swept wings in compressible flow.
• have sufficient knowledge to be able to predict the different supersonic zones on a wing.
• understand how the basic physics can be integrated into the design of an aircraft.
• understand how to make design trade-offs.
• have a basic appreciation of the impact of aviation on the environment and possible responses.

Content

This course aims to develop the basic ideas necessary to enable the student to understand some advanced concepts in aerodynamics. In particular the course will cover the aerodynamic effects that constrain an aircraft design. The course will highlight those factors determining the configuration of aircraft for different duties relating them to the effect of compressibility at transonic speeds. Coursework will illustrate undelying flow physics, via transonic airfoil design and the integration of these basics via a study of the trade-offs made in producing a transonic wing section design for a given specification. The course will end by reviewing the environmental impact of aviation and show how aircraft design might change to reduce this impact.

Introduction to Transonic Aerodynamics (3L, Dr J.P. Jarrett)

• Overview of transonic design concepts;
• Transonic flow about two-dimensional airfoils;
• Shock-boundary layer interaction;
• Supercritical airfoils with delayed shock-induced drag rise.

Transonic Airfoil Design (4h coursework, Dr J.P. Jarrett)

This coursework section will allow the interactive design of a transonic airfoil profile. The aim is to consolidate the lecture material and illustrate how the various design constraints compete in practice.

Aircraft Aerodynamic Design (3L, Dr J.P. Jarrett)

• Airframe / Intake integration
• Stability of swept wing aircraft
• Practical swept wing design
• Delta and slender ogival wings
• Vertical / short take-off and landing

Aviation and the Environment (6L, Prof W.N. Dawes)

The impact of air transport on the environment; the relationship between technology, operational practice, regulation and economics.

• Basic modelling
• The environment - overview of atmospheric chemistry, fluid dynamics & mixing; the greenhouse effect; radiative forcing.
• Airframe - aircraft range & endurance, the Breguet equation; ML/D payload, fuel and structure weight; choice of fuel. Why do airplanes fly at the altitude they do? Payload and fuel efficiency.
• Engine - simple modelling of a high-bypass ratio turbofan engine. Cycle efficiency and propulsive efficiency, trading production of NOx and CO2.
• What would an airplane look like if optimised to reduce environmental impact?

Reducing the Environmental Impact of Aircraft (Coursework, Prof W.N. Dawes)

The coursework consists of a choice of one from three case studies, based on the simple modelling above to study from the perspective of environmental impact the trade-offs associated with (A) design range;(B) cruise altitude;and (C) engine overall pressure ratio. It is intended that the case studies will be spreadsheet based.

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 04/06/2025 13:24

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• develop the basic ideas necessary to understand some advanced concepts in aerodynamics.
• cover the aerodynamic effects that constrain an aircraft design.
• appreciate the challenges of reducing the environmental impact of aviation.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• have an appreciation of the aerodynamic factors likely to feature in the designs of new aircraft.
• have an understanding of the behaviour of boundary layers over swept wings in compressible flow.
• have sufficient knowledge to be able to predict the different supersonic zones on a wing.
• understand how the basic physics can be integrated into the design of an aircraft.
• understand how to make design trade-offs.
• have a basic appreciation of the impact of aviation on the environment and possible responses.

Content

This course aims to develop the basic ideas necessary to enable the student to understand some advanced concepts in aerodynamics. In particular the course will cover the aerodynamic effects that constrain an aircraft design. The course will highlight those factors determining the configuration of aircraft for different duties relating them to the effect of compressibility at transonic speeds. Coursework will illustrate undelying flow physics, via transonic airfoil design and the integration of these basics via a study of the trade-offs made in producing a transonic wing section design for a given specification. The course will end by reviewing the environmental impact of aviation and show how aircraft design might change to reduce this impact.

Introduction to Transonic Aerodynamics (3L, Dr J.P. Jarrett)

• Overview of transonic design concepts;
• Transonic flow about two-dimensional airfoils;
• Shock-boundary layer interaction;
• Supercritical airfoils with delayed shock-induced drag rise.

Transonic Airfoil Design (4h coursework, Dr J.P. Jarrett)

This coursework section will allow the interactive design of a transonic airfoil profile. The aim is to consolidate the lecture material and illustrate how the various design constraints compete in practice.

Aircraft Aerodynamic Design (3L, Dr J.P. Jarrett)

• Airframe / Intake integration
• Stability of swept wing aircraft
• Practical swept wing design
• Delta and slender ogival wings
• Vertical / short take-off and landing

Aviation and the Environment (6L, Prof W.N. Dawes)

The impact of air transport on the environment; the relationship between technology, operational practice, regulation and economics.

• Basic modelling
• The environment - overview of atmospheric chemistry, fluid dynamics & mixing; the greenhouse effect; radiative forcing.
• Airframe - aircraft range & endurance, the Breguet equation; ML/D payload, fuel and structure weight; choice of fuel. Why do airplanes fly at the altitude they do? Payload and fuel efficiency.
• Engine - simple modelling of a high-bypass ratio turbofan engine. Cycle efficiency and propulsive efficiency, trading production of NOx and CO2.
• What would an airplane look like if optimised to reduce environmental impact?

Reducing the Environmental Impact of Aircraft (Coursework, Prof W.N. Dawes)

The coursework consists of a choice of one from three case studies, based on the simple modelling above to study from the perspective of environmental impact the trade-offs associated with (A) design range;(B) cruise altitude;and (C) engine overall pressure ratio. It is intended that the case studies will be spreadsheet based.

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 30/05/2023 15:24

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• develop the basic ideas necessary to understand some advanced concepts in aerodynamics.
• cover the aerodynamic effects that constrain an aircraft design.
• appreciate the challenges of reducing the environmental impact of aviation.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• have an appreciation of the aerodynamic factors likely to feature in the designs of new aircraft.
• have an understanding of the behaviour of boundary layers over swept wings in compressible flow.
• have sufficient knowledge to be able to predict the different supersonic zones on a wing.
• understand how the basic physics can be integrated into the design of an aircraft.
• understand how to make design trade-offs.
• have a basic appreciation of the impact of aviation on the environment and possible responses.

Content

This course aims to develop the basic ideas necessary to enable the student to understand some advanced concepts in aerodynamics. In particular the course will cover the aerodynamic effects that constrain an aircraft design. The course will highlight those factors determining the configuration of aircraft for different duties relating them to the effect of compressibility at transonic speeds. Coursework will illustrate undelying flow physics, via transonic airfoil design and the integration of these basics via a study of the trade-offs made in producing a transonic wing section design for a given specification. The course will end by reviewing the environmental impact of aviation and show how aircraft design might change to reduce this impact.

Introduction to Transonic Aerodynamics (3L, Dr J.P. Jarrett)

• Overview of transonic design concepts;
• Transonic flow about two-dimensional airfoils;
• Shock-boundary layer interaction;
• Supercritical airfoils with delayed shock-induced drag rise.

Transonic Airfoil Design (4h coursework, Dr J.P. Jarrett)

This coursework section will allow the interactive design of a transonic airfoil profile. The aim is to consolidate the lecture material and illustrate how the various design constraints compete in practice.

Aircraft Aerodynamic Design (3L, Dr J.P. Jarrett)

• Airframe / Intake integration
• Stability of swept wing aircraft
• Practical swept wing design
• Delta and slender ogival wings
• Vertical / short take-off and landing

Aviation and the Environment (6L, Prof W.N. Dawes)

The impact of air transport on the environment; the relationship between technology, operational practice, regulation and economics.

• Basic modelling
• The environment - overview of atmospheric chemistry, fluid dynamics & mixing; the greenhouse effect; radiative forcing.
• Airframe - aircraft range & endurance, the Breguet equation; ML/D payload, fuel and structure weight; choice of fuel. Why do airplanes fly at the altitude they do? Payload and fuel efficiency.
• Engine - simple modelling of a high-bypass ratio turbofan engine. Cycle efficiency and propulsive efficiency, trading production of NOx and CO2.
• What would an airplane look like if optimised to reduce environmental impact?

Reducing the Environmental Impact of Aircraft (Coursework, Prof W.N. Dawes)

The coursework consists of a choice of one from three case studies, based on the simple modelling above to study from the perspective of environmental impact the trade-offs associated with (A) design range;(B) cruise altitude;and (C) engine overall pressure ratio. It is intended that the case studies will be spreadsheet based.

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 20/05/2021 07:41

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• develop the basic ideas necessary to understand some advanced concepts in aerodynamics.
• cover the aerodynamic effects that constrain an aircraft design.
• appreciate the challenges of reducing the environmental impact of aviation.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• have an appreciation of the aerodynamic factors likely to feature in the designs of new aircraft.
• have an understanding of the behaviour of boundary layers over swept wings in compressible flow.
• have sufficient knowledge to be able to predict the different supersonic zones on a wing.
• understand how the basic physics can be integrated into the design of an aircraft.
• understand how to make design trade-offs.
• have a basic appreciation of the impact of aviation on the environment and possible responses.

Content

This course aims to develop the basic ideas necessary to enable the student to understand some advanced concepts in aerodynamics. In particular the course will cover the aerodynamic effects that constrain an aircraft design. The course will highlight those factors determining the configuration of aircraft for different duties relating them to the effect of compressibility at transonic speeds. Coursework will illustrate undelying flow physics, via transonic airfoil design and the integration of these basics via a study of the trade-offs made in producing a transonic wing section design for a given specification. The course will end by reviewing the environmental impact of aviation and show how aircraft design might change to reduce this impact.

Introduction to Transonic Aerodynamics (3L, Dr J P Jarrett)

• Overview of transonic design concepts;
• Transonic flow about two-dimensional airfoils;
• Shock-boundary layer interaction;
• Supercritical airfoils with delayed shock-induced drag rise.

Transonic Airfoil Design (4h coursework, Dr J P Jarrett)

This coursework section will allow the interactive design of a transonic airfoil profile on a workstation in the DPO. The aim is to consolidate the lecture material and illustrate how the various design constraints compete in practice.

Aircraft Aerodynamic Design (3L, Dr J P Jarrett)

• Airframe / Intake integration
• Stability of swept wing aircraft
• Practical swept wing design
• Delta and slender ogival wings
• Vertical / short take-off and landing

Aviation and the Environment (6L, Dr CA Hall)

The impact of air transport on the environment; the relationship between technology, operational practice, regulation and economics.

• Basic modelling
• The environment - overview of atmospheric chemistry, fluid dynamics & mixing; the greenhouse effect; radiative forcing.
• Airframe - aircraft range & endurance, the Breguet equation; ML/D payload, fuel and structure weight; choice of fuel. Why do airplanes fly at the altitude they do? Payload and fuel efficiency.
• Engine - simple modelling of a high-bypass ratio turbofan engine. Cycle efficiency and propulsive efficiency, trading production of NOx and CO2.
• What would an airplane look like if optimised to reduce environmental impact?

Reducing the Environmental Impact of Aircraft (Coursework, Dr CA Hall)

The coursework consists of a choice of one from three case studies, based on the simple modelling above to study from the perspective of environmental impact the trade-offs associated with (A) design range;(B) cruise altitude;and (C) engine overall pressure ratio. It is intended that the case studies will be spreadsheet based.

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 24/09/2019 17:09

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Introduce students to fundamental combustion concepts, and their influence on internal combustion engine and gas turbine performance and emissions.
• Introduce students to the changes required to use low-carbon fuels in these engines.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand fundamental concepts in combustion
• Understand combustion issues particularly relvant to gas turbines
• Understand the performance and efficiency characteristics of IC engines
• Understand the formation and after treatment of pollutants in IC engines and gas turbines and trade-offs with performance; understand the changes associated with the switch to low-carbon fuels.

Content

Chemical thermodynamics and equilibrium (1L)

Conservation laws for multicomponent mixture, multispecies equilibrium and calculation method

Chemical kinetics (1L)

Principles of chemical kinetics – law of mass action, activation energy, order & degree of a reaction, hydrocarbon reaction chains
, pollutant formation 
multistep reactions, chemical explosion, chemistry reduction using steady state and partial equilibrium approximations

Applications of chemical kinetics: limit reators (1L)

Common approximations used in combustion & chemical engineering analyses – perfectly stirred reactor, plug flow reactor, thermal explosions, autoignition & spark ignition

Laminar premixed flames (1L)

Concepts and measurements,
 conservation equations in one and multiple dimensions, characteristic time and space scales, Zeldovich number, solution for 1D flame, flame speed and its dependence on mixture composition, temperature and pressure

Laminar non-premixed flames (1L)

Mixture fraction concept and its physical significance, conserved scalar approach, state relationship, simple solution for diffusion flame, droplet evaporation & combustion as an example for diffusion flame

Pollution from combustion (1L)

Nature of pollutants emitted by combustion and their effects on environment & human health, features of pollution generation chemistry, typical techniques used for emission reduction

Turbulent combustion (1L)

A brief introduction to turbulent combustion, its importance, applications, and scientific methods used to study turbulent combustion

Fundamental concepts in internal combustion engines (1L)

Overview of energy use in transportation, evolution of internal combustion and reciprocating engines, basic concepts and definitions, ideal constant volume and constant pressure cycles, efficiency, turbocharging, and hybridisation

Spark ignition & compression ignition engines (2L)

Basic concepts and definitions, valve timing and volumetric efficiency, residual gases, intake and fuel injection systems, combustion in SI engines, knock and limits to combustion, compression ignition process parameters, combustion under autoignition, fuel injection timing, torque and emissions, principles of turbocharging and relevant physics, turbocharger matching

Hybridisation and future concepts (1L)

New developments in combustion engines. Low-carbon fuels. Hybrid powertrain concepts and designs (series, parallel), downsizing, turbocharging, electric powertrain efficiency and control concepts

Gas turbine combustion (2L)

Basic concepts, combustor aerodynamics, two-phase flows, thermoacoustics, NOx and soot trade-off, combustor architectures, hydrogen, ammonia, synthetic aviation fuels

Emissions and aftertreatment (2L)

Emissions from IC engines and gas turbines, post-combustion clean-up (three-way catalysts, selective catalytic reduction, particulate matter removal), methods of in-flame control of NOx and soot, air-fuel ratio control, exhaust gas recirculation, NOx from H2 and NH3 combustion

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 31/05/2024 09:57