Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4D16: Construction Management (shared with IIA), 2024-25
Leader
Lecturers
Timing and Structure
Mich term - 16 lectures, including 2 examples classes (note: available to 3rd year students as a Shared Module in Part IIA). Assessment 100% exam
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- familiarize students with concepts and methods used to manage construction projects and companies
- cover legal, safety and health matters relevant to construction
- cover risk management generally, so far as is possible in time allocated
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- have a broad understanding of how construction projects are initiated and driven forward
- appreciate the roles and responsibilities of the various professionals involved in design and construction
- understand the basics of lean construction
- understand the key issues in managing a construction business
- have some knowledge of the regulations covering construction
- have some knowledge of forms of contract and of law relevant to construction
- appreciate the importance of health and safety in construction and the related regulations and if risk managment generally
- understand something of costing and financial aspects of construction
- have experience of critical study of at least one construction project
Content
This module aims to familiarize students with concepts and methods used to manage construction projects and companies. These include methods for planning operations; improving productivity; controlling budgets, cash flow, and costs; safety; procurement; contracting law; preparing tenders and bidding; company organization and structure; and risk planning.
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Group D Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S2
Extensive knowledge and understanding of management and business practices, and their limitations, and how these may be applied appropriately to strategic and tactical issues.
S4
Awareness of the framework of relevant legal requirements governing engineering activities, including personnel, health, safety, and risk (including environmental risk) issues.
S5
Understanding of the need for a high level of professional and ethical conduct in engineering.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
P6
Understanding of appropriate codes of practice and industry standards.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
Last modified: 31/05/2024 10:04
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4D16: Construction Management (shared with IIA), 2023-24
Leader
Lecturers
Lecturers
Timing and Structure
Mich term - 16 lectures, including 2 examples classes (note: available to 3rd year students as a Shared Module in Part IIA). Assessment 100% exam
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- familiarize students with concepts and methods used to manage construction projects and companies
- cover legal, safety and health matters relevant to construction
- cover risk management generally, so far as is possible in time allocated
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- have a broad understanding of how construction projects are initiated and driven forward
- appreciate the roles and responsibilities of the various professionals involved in design and construction
- understand the basics of lean construction
- understand the key issues in managing a construction business
- have some knowledge of the regulations covering construction
- have some knowledge of forms of contract and of law relevant to construction
- appreciate the importance of health and safety in construction and the related regulations and if risk managment generally
- understand something of costing and financial aspects of construction
- have experience of critical study of at least one construction project
Content
This module aims to familiarize students with concepts and methods used to manage construction projects and companies. These include methods for planning operations; improving productivity; controlling budgets, cash flow, and costs; safety; procurement; contracting law; preparing tenders and bidding; company organization and structure; and risk planning.
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Group D Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S2
Extensive knowledge and understanding of management and business practices, and their limitations, and how these may be applied appropriately to strategic and tactical issues.
S4
Awareness of the framework of relevant legal requirements governing engineering activities, including personnel, health, safety, and risk (including environmental risk) issues.
S5
Understanding of the need for a high level of professional and ethical conduct in engineering.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
P6
Understanding of appropriate codes of practice and industry standards.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
Last modified: 03/09/2023 14:40
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4D16: Construction Management (shared with IIA), 2022-23
Leader
Lecturers
Lecturers
Timing and Structure
Mich term - 16 lectures, including 2 examples classes (note: available to 3rd year students as a Shared Module in Part IIA). Assessment 100% exam
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- familiarize students with concepts and methods used to manage construction projects and companies
- cover legal, safety and health matters relevant to construction
- cover risk management generally, so far as is possible in time allocated
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- have a broad understanding of how construction projects are initiated and driven forward
- appreciate the roles and responsibilities of the various professionals involved in design and construction
- understand the basics of production management techniques
- understand the key issues in managing a construction business
- have some knowledge of the regulations covering construction
- have some knowledge of forms of contract and of law relevant to construction
- appreciate the importance of health and safety in construction and the related regulations and if risk managment generally
- understand something of costing and financial aspects of construction
- have experience of critical study of at least one construction project
Content
This module aims to familiarize students with concepts and methods used to manage construction projects and companies. These include methods for planning operations; improving productivity; controlling budgets, cash flow, and costs; safety; procurement; contracting law; preparing tenders and bidding; company organization and structure; and risk planning.
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Group D Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S2
Extensive knowledge and understanding of management and business practices, and their limitations, and how these may be applied appropriately to strategic and tactical issues.
S4
Awareness of the framework of relevant legal requirements governing engineering activities, including personnel, health, safety, and risk (including environmental risk) issues.
S5
Understanding of the need for a high level of professional and ethical conduct in engineering.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
P6
Understanding of appropriate codes of practice and industry standards.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
Last modified: 05/08/2022 10:22
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4D16: Construction Management (shared with IIA), 2018-19
Leader
Lecturers
Dr P B Heffernan and Prof C R Middleton
Timing and Structure
Lent term - 16 lectures, including 1 examples class (note: available to 3rd year students as a Shared Module in Part IIA). Assessment 100% exam
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- familiarize students with concepts and methods used to manage construction projects and companies
- cover legal, safety and health matters relevant to construction
- cover risk management generally, so far as is possible in time allocated
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- have a broad understanding of how construction projects are initiated and driven forward
- appreciate the roles and responsibilities of the various professionals involved in design and construction
- understand the basics of production management techniques
- understand the key issues in managing a construction business
- have some knowledge of the regulations covering construction
- have some knowledge of forms of contract and of law relevant to construction
- appreciate the importance of health and safety in construction and the related regulations and if risk managment generally
- understand something of costing and financial aspects of construction
- have experience of critical study of at least one construction project
Content
This module aims to familiarize students with concepts and methods used to manage construction projects and companies. These include methods for planning operations; improving productivity; controlling budgets, cash flow, and costs; safety; procurement; contracting law; preparing tenders and bidding; company organization and structure; and risk planning.
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Group D Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S2
Extensive knowledge and understanding of management and business practices, and their limitations, and how these may be applied appropriately to strategic and tactical issues.
S4
Awareness of the framework of relevant legal requirements governing engineering activities, including personnel, health, safety, and risk (including environmental risk) issues.
S5
Understanding of the need for a high level of professional and ethical conduct in engineering.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
P6
Understanding of appropriate codes of practice and industry standards.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
Last modified: 22/01/2019 11:55
Engineering Tripos Part IA, 1P2: Structures, 2021-22
Course Leader
Lecturer
Lecturer
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-8 Michaelmas term and weeks 3-8 Lent term. 24 lectures
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Inform students of the key role of structures in different branches of engineering
- Illustrate the way in which structural engineers use the principles of structural mechanics to understand the behaviour of structures and so to design structures in order to meet specified requirements
- Examine in detail certain simple structural forms, including triangulated frameworks, beams and cables; to understand how such structures carry applied loads, how they deform under load, and how slender members may buckle
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Describe, qualitatively, the way in which different kinds of structure (frameworks, beams, cables, pressure vessels, etc.) support the loads that are applied to them.
- Analyse the limiting equilibrium conditions of bodies in frictional contact.
- Determine the axial force in any member of a statically determinate pin-jointed framework, making use of structural symmetry and of the principle of superposition when appropriate
- Explain and determine the shape of an inextensional cable subject to concentrated and distributed loads, as well as the tension distribution and support reactions.
- Test the stability of a simple, statically determinate arch structure
- Determine the displacement of any point of a pin-jointed framework subject to prescribed bar extensions by using a displacement diagram
- Understand and apply the equation of virtual work for pin-jointed frameworks and know how to choose appropriate equilibrium and compatible sets
- Construct bending-moment and shearing-force diagrams for simple beam structures, and to explain the relationship between them.
- Explain curvature, and how it changes in an elastic beam when the bending moment changes.
- Explain and compute the geometry of deflection of an initially straight beam on account of curvature within it.
- Explain and compute the detailed distribution of bending stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a bending moment.
- Explain and compute the distribution of shearing stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a shearing force.
- Determine the buckling load of a column, and be able to approach the design of columns accounting for the effects of yielding of the material and geometric imperfections.
Content
Introduction and Aims of the Course (1 Lecture)
1. External forces (3L)
Equilibrium of point forces, moments and couples
- Forces as vectors
- Moments as vectors
- Couples [3, Sect 1/1-1/5, 1/7-2/5]
- Resultants [3, Sect 2/6]
- Equilibrium [3, Sect 2/6, 3/3]
- Accuracy in structural mechanics
Distributed loads and friction forces
- Forms of distributed load [3, Sect 1/6, 5/1- 5/3, 5/9]
- Contact forces (without friction)
- Contact forces (with friction) [3, Sect 6/1-6/3, 6/8]
- Distributed friction
Supports and free-body diagrams
- Pin-joints
- Roller supports
- Built-in or ‘encastré’ supports
- Catalogue of support options
- Free-body diagrams [3, Sect 3/1- 3/2, 3/4]
2. Internal forces (3L)
Pin-jointed trusses
- Method of joints [3, Sect 4/3]
- Method of sections [3, Sect 4/4]
- Some simplifications in analysing planar pin-jointed trusses
- Superposition
- Symmetry
Shear forces and bending moments
- Beams with transverse loading
- Free-body diagrams with shear forces and bending moments
- Arches [4, Sect 5.1, 5.6], [7, Ch. 5]
Sress
- Two-dimensional plane stress in thin-walled shells
- Thin-walled shells with uniform stress
3. Deflection (5L)
Cables and compatibility
- Cables subjected to concentrated loads
- Cables subjected to distributed loads
Deflection of members in pin-jointed frames
- Statically determinate frames
- Strains, Hooke’s Law and bar extensions [5, Sect 5.2, 5.3, 5.4]
- Internal states of stress [5, Sect 5.5]
Displacement Diagrams
- Procedure for drawing displacement diagrams [5, Sect 2.3]
- Displacement diagram used for analysing real structures
- Interpreting displacement diagrams
Virtual work
- Real work
- Derivation of virtual work for pin-jointed frames
- Using virtual work to find extensions or nodal displacements
- Using virtual work to find forces or bar tensions
Structural design
- Iterative design
- Structural optimisation
4. Equilibrium of Beams (2L)
- Introduction, hypotheses, sign conventions (5) Sect. 3.1, 3.2
- Distortion produced by internal forces
- Calculation of M, S, and T by analysis of free bodies (5) Sect. 3.2-3.4
- Differential relationships between q, S, and M (5) Sect. 3.5
- Construction of bending moment diagrams
- Statical indeterminacy
- Case study
5. Deflection of Straight Elastic Beams (2L)
- Curvature and change of curvature, integration of curvature to find deflection
(5) Sect. 8.1,8.2 - Deflection of elastic beams by integration (5) Sect. 8.3
- Deflection of elastic beams by superposition of deflection coefficients (5) Sect. 8.4
6. Stresses in Elastic Beams (5L)
- Introduction, basic geometric concepts (5) Sect. 7.2
- Bending of beams with rectangular cross-section (5) Sect. 7.5
- Bending of beams with non-rectangular cross-section, centroid and second-moment of area
- Use of section tables
- Combined bending moment and axial force
- Bending stresses in composite beams, transformed section, bending of reinforced concrete beams
- Shear stresses in beams (5) Sect. 7.6
7. Buckling of Columns (3L)
- Introduction, examples, hypotheses
- Euler column, fixed-end conditions, effective length (5) Sect. 9.4 (6) Sect 5.1
- Critical stress
- Imperfections (6) Sect 5.2
- Design of columns
REFERENCES
(1) GORDON, J.E. STRUCTURES OR WHY THINGS DON'T FALL DOWN
(2) HEYMAN, J. THE SCIENCE OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(3) MERIAM,J.L. & KRAIGE,L.G. ENGINEERING MECHANICS.VOL.1:STATICS
(4) FRENCH, M. INVENTION AND EVOLUTION
(5) CRANDALL,S.H.DAHL,N.C. & LARDNER,T.J INTRODUCTION TO THE MECHANICS OF SOLIDS,with SI Units
(6) HEYMAN,J.BASIC STRUCTURAL THEORY
(7) HEYMAN, J. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS: A HISTORICAL APPROACH
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IA Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
D5
Ensure fitness for purpose for all aspects of the problem including production, operation, maintenance and disposal.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US2
A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of mathematical and computer models relevant to the engineering discipline, and an appreciation of their limitations.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 20/05/2021 07:33
Engineering Tripos Part IA, 1P2: Structures, 2023-24
Course Leader
Lecturer
Lecturer
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-8 Michaelmas term and weeks 1-8 Lent term. 24 lectures. Michaelmas Term lectures will not be recorded; rather, the Moodle page will contain pre-prepared recordings of the material. Lent Term lectures will be recorded.
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Inform students of the key role of structures in different branches of engineering
- Illustrate the way in which structural engineers use the principles of structural mechanics to understand the behaviour of structures and so to design structures in order to meet specified requirements
- Examine in detail certain simple structural forms, including triangulated frameworks, beams and cables; to understand how such structures carry applied loads, how they deform under load, and how slender members may buckle
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Describe, qualitatively, the way in which different kinds of structure (frameworks, beams, cables, pressure vessels, etc.) support the loads that are applied to them.
- Analyse the limiting equilibrium conditions of bodies in frictional contact.
- Determine the axial force in any member of a statically determinate pin-jointed framework, making use of structural symmetry and of the principle of superposition when appropriate
- Explain and determine the shape of an inextensional cable subject to concentrated and distributed loads, as well as the tension distribution and support reactions.
- Test the stability of a simple, statically determinate arch structure
- Determine the displacement of any point of a pin-jointed framework subject to prescribed bar extensions by using a displacement diagram
- Understand and apply the equation of virtual work for pin-jointed frameworks and know how to choose appropriate equilibrium and compatible sets
- Construct bending-moment and shearing-force diagrams for simple beam structures, and to explain the relationship between them.
- Explain curvature, and how it changes in an elastic beam when the bending moment changes.
- Explain and compute the geometry of deflection of an initially straight beam on account of curvature within it.
- Explain and compute the detailed distribution of bending stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a bending moment.
- Explain and compute the distribution of shearing stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a shearing force.
- Determine the buckling load of a column, and be able to approach the design of columns accounting for the effects of yielding of the material and geometric imperfections.
Content
Introduction and Aims of the Course (1 Lecture)
1. External forces (3L)
Equilibrium of point forces, moments and couples
- Forces as vectors
- Moments as vectors
- Couples [3, Sect 1/1-1/5, 1/7-2/5]
- Resultants [3, Sect 2/6]
- Equilibrium [3, Sect 2/6, 3/3]
- Accuracy in structural mechanics
Distributed loads and friction forces
- Forms of distributed load [3, Sect 1/6, 5/1- 5/3, 5/9]
- Contact forces (without friction)
- Contact forces (with friction) [3, Sect 6/1-6/3, 6/8]
- Distributed friction
Supports and free-body diagrams
- Pin-joints
- Roller supports
- Built-in or ‘encastré’ supports
- Catalogue of support options
- Free-body diagrams [3, Sect 3/1- 3/2, 3/4]
2. Internal forces (3L)
Pin-jointed trusses
- Method of joints [3, Sect 4/3]
- Method of sections [3, Sect 4/4]
- Some simplifications in analysing planar pin-jointed trusses
- Superposition
- Symmetry
Shear forces and bending moments
- Beams with transverse loading
- Free-body diagrams with shear forces and bending moments
- Arches [4, Sect 5.1, 5.6], [7, Ch. 5]
Sress
- Two-dimensional plane stress in thin-walled shells
- Thin-walled shells with uniform stress
3. Deflection (5L)
Cables and compatibility
- Cables subjected to concentrated loads
- Cables subjected to distributed loads
Deflection of members in pin-jointed frames
- Statically determinate frames
- Strains, Hooke’s Law and bar extensions [5, Sect 5.2, 5.3, 5.4]
- Internal states of stress [5, Sect 5.5]
Displacement Diagrams
- Procedure for drawing displacement diagrams [5, Sect 2.3]
- Displacement diagram used for analysing real structures
- Interpreting displacement diagrams
Virtual work
- Real work
- Derivation of virtual work for pin-jointed frames
- Using virtual work to find extensions or nodal displacements
- Using virtual work to find forces or bar tensions
Structural design
- Iterative design
- Structural optimisation
4. Equilibrium of Beams (2L)
- Introduction, hypotheses, sign conventions (5) Sect. 3.1, 3.2
- Distortion produced by internal forces
- Calculation of M, S, and T by analysis of free bodies (5) Sect. 3.2-3.4
- Differential relationships between q, S, and M (5) Sect. 3.5
- Construction of bending moment diagrams
- Statical indeterminacy
- Case study
5. Deflection of Straight Elastic Beams (2L)
- Curvature and change of curvature, integration of curvature to find deflection
(5) Sect. 8.1,8.2 - Deflection of elastic beams by integration (5) Sect. 8.3
- Deflection of elastic beams by superposition of deflection coefficients (5) Sect. 8.4
6. Stresses in Elastic Beams (5L)
- Introduction, basic geometric concepts (5) Sect. 7.2
- Bending of beams with rectangular cross-section (5) Sect. 7.5
- Bending of beams with non-rectangular cross-section, centroid and second-moment of area
- Use of section tables
- Combined bending moment and axial force
- Bending stresses in composite beams, transformed section, bending of reinforced concrete beams
- Shear stresses in beams (5) Sect. 7.6
7. Buckling of Columns (3L)
- Introduction, examples, hypotheses
- Euler column, fixed-end conditions, effective length (5) Sect. 9.4 (6) Sect 5.1
- Critical stress
- Imperfections (6) Sect 5.2
- Design of columns
REFERENCES
(1) GORDON, J.E. STRUCTURES OR WHY THINGS DON'T FALL DOWN
(2) HEYMAN, J. THE SCIENCE OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(3) MERIAM,J.L. & KRAIGE,L.G. ENGINEERING MECHANICS.VOL.1:STATICS
(4) FRENCH, M. INVENTION AND EVOLUTION
(5) CRANDALL,S.H.DAHL,N.C. & LARDNER,T.J INTRODUCTION TO THE MECHANICS OF SOLIDS,with SI Units
(6) HEYMAN,J.BASIC STRUCTURAL THEORY
(7) HEYMAN, J. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS: A HISTORICAL APPROACH
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IA Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
D5
Ensure fitness for purpose for all aspects of the problem including production, operation, maintenance and disposal.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US2
A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of mathematical and computer models relevant to the engineering discipline, and an appreciation of their limitations.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 30/05/2023 15:08
Engineering Tripos Part IA, 1P2: Structures, 2018-19
Lecturers
Prof J M Allwood and Prof Simon Guest
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-8 Michaelmas term and weeks 3-8 Lent term. 24 lectures
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Inform students of the key role of structures in different branches of engineering
- Illustrate the way in which structural engineers use the principles of structural mechanics to understand the behaviour of structures and so to design structures in order to meet specified requirements
- Examine in detail certain simple structural forms, including triangulated frameworks, beams and cables; to understand how such structures carry applied loads, how they deform under load, and how slender members may buckle
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Describe, qualitatively, the way in which different kinds of structure (frameworks, beams, cables, pressure vessels, etc.) support the loads that are applied to them.
- Analyse the limiting equilibrium conditions of bodies in frictional contact.
- Determine the axial force in any member of a statically determinate pin-jointed framework, making use of structural symmetry and of the principle of superposition when appropriate
- Explain and determine the shape of an inextensional cable subject to concentrated and distributed loads, as well as the tension distribution and support reactions.
- Test the stability of a simple, statically determinate arch structure
- Determine the displacement of any point of a pin-jointed framework subject to prescribed bar extensions by using a displacement diagram
- Understand and apply the equation of virtual work for pin-jointed frameworks and know how to choose appropriate equilibrium and compatible sets
- Construct bending-moment and shearing-force diagrams for simple beam structures, and to explain the relationship between them.
- Explain curvature, and how it changes in an elastic beam when the bending moment changes.
- Explain and compute the geometry of deflection of an initially straight beam on account of curvature within it.
- Explain and compute the detailed distribution of bending stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a bending moment.
- Explain and compute the distribution of shearing stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a shearing force.
- Determine the buckling load of a column, and be able to approach the design of columns accounting for the effects of yielding of the material and geometric imperfections.
Content
Introduction and Aims of the Course (1 Lecture)
1. External forces (3L)
Equilibrium of point forces, moments and couples
- Forces as vectors
- Moments as vectors
- Couples [3, Sect 1/1-1/5, 1/7-2/5]
- Resultants [3, Sect 2/6]
- Equilibrium [3, Sect 2/6, 3/3]
- Accuracy in structural mechanics
Distributed loads and friction forces
- Forms of distributed load [3, Sect 1/6, 5/1- 5/3, 5/9]
- Contact forces (without friction)
- Contact forces (with friction) [3, Sect 6/1-6/3, 6/8]
- Distributed friction
Supports and free-body diagrams
- Pin-joints
- Roller supports
- Built-in or ‘encastré’ supports
- Catalogue of support options
- Free-body diagrams [3, Sect 3/1- 3/2, 3/4]
2. Internal forces (3L)
Pin-jointed trusses
- Method of joints [3, Sect 4/3]
- Method of sections [3, Sect 4/4]
- Some simplifications in analysing planar pin-jointed trusses
- Superposition
- Symmetry
Shear forces and bending moments
- Beams with transverse loading
- Free-body diagrams with shear forces and bending moments
- Arches [4, Sect 5.1, 5.6], [7, Ch. 5]
Sress
- Two-dimensional plane stress in thin-walled shells
- Thin-walled shells with uniform stress
3. Deflection (5L)
Cables and compatibility
- Cables subjected to concentrated loads
- Cables subjected to distributed loads
Deflection of members in pin-jointed frames
- Statically determinate frames
- Strains, Hooke’s Law and bar extensions [5, Sect 5.2, 5.3, 5.4]
- Internal states of stress [5, Sect 5.5]
Displacement Diagrams
- Procedure for drawing displacement diagrams [5, Sect 2.3]
- Displacement diagram used for analysing real structures
- Interpreting displacement diagrams
Virtual work
- Real work
- Derivation of virtual work for pin-jointed frames
- Using virtual work to find extensions or nodal displacements
- Using virtual work to find forces or bar tensions
Structural design
- Iterative design
- Structural optimisation
4. Equilibrium of Beams (2L)
- Introduction, hypotheses, sign conventions (5) Sect. 3.1, 3.2
- Distortion produced by internal forces
- Calculation of M, S, and T by analysis of free bodies (5) Sect. 3.2-3.4
- Differential relationships between q, S, and M (5) Sect. 3.5
- Construction of bending moment diagrams
- Statical indeterminacy
- Case study
5. Deflection of Straight Elastic Beams (2L)
- Curvature and change of curvature, integration of curvature to find deflection
(5) Sect. 8.1,8.2 - Deflection of elastic beams by integration (5) Sect. 8.3
- Deflection of elastic beams by superposition of deflection coefficients (5) Sect. 8.4
6. Stresses in Elastic Beams (5L)
- Introduction, basic geometric concepts (5) Sect. 7.2
- Bending of beams with rectangular cross-section (5) Sect. 7.5
- Bending of beams with non-rectangular cross-section, centroid and second-moment of area
- Use of section tables
- Combined bending moment and axial force
- Bending stresses in composite beams, transformed section, bending of reinforced concrete beams
- Shear stresses in beams (5) Sect. 7.6
7. Buckling of Columns (3L)
- Introduction, examples, hypotheses
- Euler column, fixed-end conditions, effective length (5) Sect. 9.4 (6) Sect 5.1
- Critical stress
- Imperfections (6) Sect 5.2
- Design of columns
REFERENCES
(1) GORDON, J.E. STRUCTURES OR WHY THINGS DON'T FALL DOWN
(2) HEYMAN, J. THE SCIENCE OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(3) MERIAM,J.L. & KRAIGE,L.G. ENGINEERING MECHANICS.VOL.1:STATICS
(4) FRENCH, M. INVENTION AND EVOLUTION
(5) CRANDALL,S.H.DAHL,N.C. & LARDNER,T.J INTRODUCTION TO THE MECHANICS OF SOLIDS,with SI Units
(6) HEYMAN,J.BASIC STRUCTURAL THEORY
(7) HEYMAN, J. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS: A HISTORICAL APPROACH
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Part IA Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
D5
Ensure fitness for purpose for all aspects of the problem including production, operation, maintenance and disposal.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US2
A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of mathematical and computer models relevant to the engineering discipline, and an appreciation of their limitations.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 30/09/2018 17:48
Engineering Tripos Part IA, 1P2: Structures, 2022-23
Course Leader
Lecturer
Lecturer
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-8 Michaelmas term and weeks 1-8 Lent term. 24 lectures. Michaelmas Term lectures will not be recorded; rather, the Moodle page will contain pre-prepared recordings of the material. Lent Term lectures will be recorded.
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Inform students of the key role of structures in different branches of engineering
- Illustrate the way in which structural engineers use the principles of structural mechanics to understand the behaviour of structures and so to design structures in order to meet specified requirements
- Examine in detail certain simple structural forms, including triangulated frameworks, beams and cables; to understand how such structures carry applied loads, how they deform under load, and how slender members may buckle
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Describe, qualitatively, the way in which different kinds of structure (frameworks, beams, cables, pressure vessels, etc.) support the loads that are applied to them.
- Analyse the limiting equilibrium conditions of bodies in frictional contact.
- Determine the axial force in any member of a statically determinate pin-jointed framework, making use of structural symmetry and of the principle of superposition when appropriate
- Explain and determine the shape of an inextensional cable subject to concentrated and distributed loads, as well as the tension distribution and support reactions.
- Test the stability of a simple, statically determinate arch structure
- Determine the displacement of any point of a pin-jointed framework subject to prescribed bar extensions by using a displacement diagram
- Understand and apply the equation of virtual work for pin-jointed frameworks and know how to choose appropriate equilibrium and compatible sets
- Construct bending-moment and shearing-force diagrams for simple beam structures, and to explain the relationship between them.
- Explain curvature, and how it changes in an elastic beam when the bending moment changes.
- Explain and compute the geometry of deflection of an initially straight beam on account of curvature within it.
- Explain and compute the detailed distribution of bending stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a bending moment.
- Explain and compute the distribution of shearing stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a shearing force.
- Determine the buckling load of a column, and be able to approach the design of columns accounting for the effects of yielding of the material and geometric imperfections.
Content
Introduction and Aims of the Course (1 Lecture)
1. External forces (3L)
Equilibrium of point forces, moments and couples
- Forces as vectors
- Moments as vectors
- Couples [3, Sect 1/1-1/5, 1/7-2/5]
- Resultants [3, Sect 2/6]
- Equilibrium [3, Sect 2/6, 3/3]
- Accuracy in structural mechanics
Distributed loads and friction forces
- Forms of distributed load [3, Sect 1/6, 5/1- 5/3, 5/9]
- Contact forces (without friction)
- Contact forces (with friction) [3, Sect 6/1-6/3, 6/8]
- Distributed friction
Supports and free-body diagrams
- Pin-joints
- Roller supports
- Built-in or ‘encastré’ supports
- Catalogue of support options
- Free-body diagrams [3, Sect 3/1- 3/2, 3/4]
2. Internal forces (3L)
Pin-jointed trusses
- Method of joints [3, Sect 4/3]
- Method of sections [3, Sect 4/4]
- Some simplifications in analysing planar pin-jointed trusses
- Superposition
- Symmetry
Shear forces and bending moments
- Beams with transverse loading
- Free-body diagrams with shear forces and bending moments
- Arches [4, Sect 5.1, 5.6], [7, Ch. 5]
Sress
- Two-dimensional plane stress in thin-walled shells
- Thin-walled shells with uniform stress
3. Deflection (5L)
Cables and compatibility
- Cables subjected to concentrated loads
- Cables subjected to distributed loads
Deflection of members in pin-jointed frames
- Statically determinate frames
- Strains, Hooke’s Law and bar extensions [5, Sect 5.2, 5.3, 5.4]
- Internal states of stress [5, Sect 5.5]
Displacement Diagrams
- Procedure for drawing displacement diagrams [5, Sect 2.3]
- Displacement diagram used for analysing real structures
- Interpreting displacement diagrams
Virtual work
- Real work
- Derivation of virtual work for pin-jointed frames
- Using virtual work to find extensions or nodal displacements
- Using virtual work to find forces or bar tensions
Structural design
- Iterative design
- Structural optimisation
4. Equilibrium of Beams (2L)
- Introduction, hypotheses, sign conventions (5) Sect. 3.1, 3.2
- Distortion produced by internal forces
- Calculation of M, S, and T by analysis of free bodies (5) Sect. 3.2-3.4
- Differential relationships between q, S, and M (5) Sect. 3.5
- Construction of bending moment diagrams
- Statical indeterminacy
- Case study
5. Deflection of Straight Elastic Beams (2L)
- Curvature and change of curvature, integration of curvature to find deflection
(5) Sect. 8.1,8.2 - Deflection of elastic beams by integration (5) Sect. 8.3
- Deflection of elastic beams by superposition of deflection coefficients (5) Sect. 8.4
6. Stresses in Elastic Beams (5L)
- Introduction, basic geometric concepts (5) Sect. 7.2
- Bending of beams with rectangular cross-section (5) Sect. 7.5
- Bending of beams with non-rectangular cross-section, centroid and second-moment of area
- Use of section tables
- Combined bending moment and axial force
- Bending stresses in composite beams, transformed section, bending of reinforced concrete beams
- Shear stresses in beams (5) Sect. 7.6
7. Buckling of Columns (3L)
- Introduction, examples, hypotheses
- Euler column, fixed-end conditions, effective length (5) Sect. 9.4 (6) Sect 5.1
- Critical stress
- Imperfections (6) Sect 5.2
- Design of columns
REFERENCES
(1) GORDON, J.E. STRUCTURES OR WHY THINGS DON'T FALL DOWN
(2) HEYMAN, J. THE SCIENCE OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(3) MERIAM,J.L. & KRAIGE,L.G. ENGINEERING MECHANICS.VOL.1:STATICS
(4) FRENCH, M. INVENTION AND EVOLUTION
(5) CRANDALL,S.H.DAHL,N.C. & LARDNER,T.J INTRODUCTION TO THE MECHANICS OF SOLIDS,with SI Units
(6) HEYMAN,J.BASIC STRUCTURAL THEORY
(7) HEYMAN, J. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS: A HISTORICAL APPROACH
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IA Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
D5
Ensure fitness for purpose for all aspects of the problem including production, operation, maintenance and disposal.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US2
A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of mathematical and computer models relevant to the engineering discipline, and an appreciation of their limitations.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 26/07/2022 10:44
Engineering Tripos Part IA, 1P2: Structures, 2017-18
Lecturers
Dr Matt DeJong and Prof Simon Guest
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-8 Michaelmas term and weeks 3-8 Lent term. 24 lectures
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Make students aware of the key role of structures in different branches of engineering.
- Illustrate the way in which structural engineers use the principles of structural mechanics to understand the behaviour of structures and so to design structures in order to meet specified requirements.
- Explain the importance of assumptions and hypotheses in the development of theory.
- Convince students of the important role of observation and experiment in the development of a proper theory of structures, and to provide practical examples of structural experiment, structural design and structural failure.
- Examine in detail certain simple structural forms, including triangulated frameworks, beams and cables; to understand how such structures carry applied loads, and how they deform under load, and how slender members may buckle.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Describe, qualitatively, the way in which different kinds of structure (frameworks, beams, cables, pressure vessels, etc.) support the loads that are applied to them.
- Analyse the limiting equilibrium conditions of bodies in frictional contact.
- Explain and determine the shape of an inextensional cable subject to concentrated and distributed loads, as well as the tension distribution and support reactions.
- Determine the internal stress resultants at any section of a simple, statically determinate arch structure, and to find the maximum values of the stress resultants.
- Determine the axial force in any member of a statically determinate pin-jointed framework, making use of structural symmetry and of the principle of superposition when appropriate.
- Determine the displacement of any point of a pin-jointed framework subject to prescribed bar extensions.
- Understand the equation of virtual work for pin-jointed frameworks and how to choose appropriate equilibrium and compatible sets.
- Construct bending-moment and shearing-force diagrams for simple beam structures, and to explain the relationship between them.
- Explain curvature, and how it changes in an elastic beam when the bending moment changes.
- Explain and compute the geometry of deflection of an initially straight beam on account of curvature within it.
- Explain and compute the detailed distribution of bending stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a bending moment.
- Explain and compute the distribution of shearing stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a shearing force.
- Determine the buckling load of a column, and be able to approach the design of columns accounting for the effects of yielding of the material and geometric imperfections.
Content
Introduction and Aims of the Course (1L)
1. Equilibrium in Two Dimensions (3L)
- Forces, moments and couples (3) Sect 1/1-1/5,1/7-2/5
- Resultants (3) Sect 2/6
- Free-body diagrams (3) Sect 3/1-3/2,3/4
- Polygon of forces (3) Sect 2/6, 3/3
- Two-force problems (3) Sect 3/3
- Three-force problems (3) Sect 3/3
- Distributed forces: gravity (centre of mass), pressure and hydrostatic loads (centroid) (3) Sect 1/6,5/1-5/3,5/9
- Friction(3) Sect 6/1-6/3,6/8
2. Forces in Structures (4L)
2.1 Calculation of Bar Forces in Statically Determinate Frameworks
- Triangulated frameworks, pin-jointed idealisation (3) Sect 4/1-4/2
- Method of joints (3) Sect 4/3
- Method of sections (3) Sect 4/4
- Superposition
- Symmetry
- Mechanisms and statically indeterminate frameworks
- Classification of two-dimensional structures
2.2 Cables, Pressure Vessels, and Arches (4) Sect 5.1, 5.6, (7) Ch. 5
3. Displacements in Pin-Jointed Frameworks (2L)
3.1 Calculation of Bar Elongations
- Elastic stress-strain relationship (5) Sect 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
- Thermal strains (5) Sect 5.5
3.3 Calculation of Displacements by Displacement Diagrams
- Assembly of an imperfect framework
- Displacements due to small bar elongations (5) Sect 2.3
4. Principle of Virtual Work (2L)
- Particles and rigid bodies in two dimensions (3) Sect 7/3
- Reactions, bar forces and displacements in pin-jointed frameworks
5. Equilibrium of Beams (2L)
- Introduction, hypotheses, sign conventions (5) Sect. 3.1, 3.2
- Distortion produced by internal forces
- Calculation of M, S, and T by analysis of free bodies (5) Sect. 3.2-3.4
- Differential relationships between q, S, and M (5) Sect. 3.5
- Construction of bending moment diagrams
- Statical indeterminacy
- Case study
6. Deflection of Straight Elastic Beams (2L)
- Curvature and change of curvature, integration of curvature to find deflection
(5) Sect. 8.1,8.2 - Deflection of elastic beams by integration (5) Sect. 8.3
- Deflection of elastic beams by superposition of deflection coefficients (5) Sect. 8.4
7. Stresses in Elastic Beams (5L)
- Introduction, basic geometric concepts (5) Sect. 7.2
- Bending of beams with rectangular cross-section (5) Sect. 7.5
- Bending of beams with non-rectangular cross-section, centroid and second-moment of area
- Use of section tables
- Combined bending moment and axial force
- Bending stresses in composite beams, transformed section, bending of reinforced concrete beams
- Shear stresses in beams (5) Sect. 7.6
8. Buckling of Columns (3L)
- Introduction, examples, hypotheses
- Euler column, fixed-end conditions, effective length (5) Sect. 9.4 (6) Sect 5.1
- Critical stress
- Imperfections (6) Sect 5.2
- Design of columns
REFERENCES
(1) GORDON, J.E. STRUCTURES OR WHY THINGS DON'T FALL DOWN
(2) HEYMAN, J. THE SCIENCE OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(3) MERIAM,J.L. & KRAIGE,L.G. ENGINEERING MECHANICS.VOL.1:STATICS
(4) FRENCH, M. INVENTION AND EVOLUTION
(5) CRANDALL,S.H.DAHL,N.C. & LARDNER,T.J INTRODUCTION TO THE MECHANICS OF SOLIDS,with SI Units
(6) HEYMAN,J.BASIC STRUCTURAL THEORY
(7) HEYMAN, J. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS: A HISTORICAL APPROACH
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Part IA Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
D5
Ensure fitness for purpose for all aspects of the problem including production, operation, maintenance and disposal.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US2
A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of mathematical and computer models relevant to the engineering discipline, and an appreciation of their limitations.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 31/05/2017 10:00
Engineering Tripos Part IA, 1P2: Structures, 2020-21
Course Leader
Lecturer
Lecturer
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-8 Michaelmas term and weeks 3-8 Lent term. 24 lectures
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Inform students of the key role of structures in different branches of engineering
- Illustrate the way in which structural engineers use the principles of structural mechanics to understand the behaviour of structures and so to design structures in order to meet specified requirements
- Examine in detail certain simple structural forms, including triangulated frameworks, beams and cables; to understand how such structures carry applied loads, how they deform under load, and how slender members may buckle
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Describe, qualitatively, the way in which different kinds of structure (frameworks, beams, cables, pressure vessels, etc.) support the loads that are applied to them.
- Analyse the limiting equilibrium conditions of bodies in frictional contact.
- Determine the axial force in any member of a statically determinate pin-jointed framework, making use of structural symmetry and of the principle of superposition when appropriate
- Explain and determine the shape of an inextensional cable subject to concentrated and distributed loads, as well as the tension distribution and support reactions.
- Test the stability of a simple, statically determinate arch structure
- Determine the displacement of any point of a pin-jointed framework subject to prescribed bar extensions by using a displacement diagram
- Understand and apply the equation of virtual work for pin-jointed frameworks and know how to choose appropriate equilibrium and compatible sets
- Construct bending-moment and shearing-force diagrams for simple beam structures, and to explain the relationship between them.
- Explain curvature, and how it changes in an elastic beam when the bending moment changes.
- Explain and compute the geometry of deflection of an initially straight beam on account of curvature within it.
- Explain and compute the detailed distribution of bending stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a bending moment.
- Explain and compute the distribution of shearing stress in the cross-section of an elastic beam having a symmetrical cross-section, and sustaining a shearing force.
- Determine the buckling load of a column, and be able to approach the design of columns accounting for the effects of yielding of the material and geometric imperfections.
Content
Introduction and Aims of the Course (1 Lecture)
1. External forces (3L)
Equilibrium of point forces, moments and couples
- Forces as vectors
- Moments as vectors
- Couples [3, Sect 1/1-1/5, 1/7-2/5]
- Resultants [3, Sect 2/6]
- Equilibrium [3, Sect 2/6, 3/3]
- Accuracy in structural mechanics
Distributed loads and friction forces
- Forms of distributed load [3, Sect 1/6, 5/1- 5/3, 5/9]
- Contact forces (without friction)
- Contact forces (with friction) [3, Sect 6/1-6/3, 6/8]
- Distributed friction
Supports and free-body diagrams
- Pin-joints
- Roller supports
- Built-in or ‘encastré’ supports
- Catalogue of support options
- Free-body diagrams [3, Sect 3/1- 3/2, 3/4]
2. Internal forces (3L)
Pin-jointed trusses
- Method of joints [3, Sect 4/3]
- Method of sections [3, Sect 4/4]
- Some simplifications in analysing planar pin-jointed trusses
- Superposition
- Symmetry
Shear forces and bending moments
- Beams with transverse loading
- Free-body diagrams with shear forces and bending moments
- Arches [4, Sect 5.1, 5.6], [7, Ch. 5]
Sress
- Two-dimensional plane stress in thin-walled shells
- Thin-walled shells with uniform stress
3. Deflection (5L)
Cables and compatibility
- Cables subjected to concentrated loads
- Cables subjected to distributed loads
Deflection of members in pin-jointed frames
- Statically determinate frames
- Strains, Hooke’s Law and bar extensions [5, Sect 5.2, 5.3, 5.4]
- Internal states of stress [5, Sect 5.5]
Displacement Diagrams
- Procedure for drawing displacement diagrams [5, Sect 2.3]
- Displacement diagram used for analysing real structures
- Interpreting displacement diagrams
Virtual work
- Real work
- Derivation of virtual work for pin-jointed frames
- Using virtual work to find extensions or nodal displacements
- Using virtual work to find forces or bar tensions
Structural design
- Iterative design
- Structural optimisation
4. Equilibrium of Beams (2L)
- Introduction, hypotheses, sign conventions (5) Sect. 3.1, 3.2
- Distortion produced by internal forces
- Calculation of M, S, and T by analysis of free bodies (5) Sect. 3.2-3.4
- Differential relationships between q, S, and M (5) Sect. 3.5
- Construction of bending moment diagrams
- Statical indeterminacy
- Case study
5. Deflection of Straight Elastic Beams (2L)
- Curvature and change of curvature, integration of curvature to find deflection
(5) Sect. 8.1,8.2 - Deflection of elastic beams by integration (5) Sect. 8.3
- Deflection of elastic beams by superposition of deflection coefficients (5) Sect. 8.4
6. Stresses in Elastic Beams (5L)
- Introduction, basic geometric concepts (5) Sect. 7.2
- Bending of beams with rectangular cross-section (5) Sect. 7.5
- Bending of beams with non-rectangular cross-section, centroid and second-moment of area
- Use of section tables
- Combined bending moment and axial force
- Bending stresses in composite beams, transformed section, bending of reinforced concrete beams
- Shear stresses in beams (5) Sect. 7.6
7. Buckling of Columns (3L)
- Introduction, examples, hypotheses
- Euler column, fixed-end conditions, effective length (5) Sect. 9.4 (6) Sect 5.1
- Critical stress
- Imperfections (6) Sect 5.2
- Design of columns
REFERENCES
(1) GORDON, J.E. STRUCTURES OR WHY THINGS DON'T FALL DOWN
(2) HEYMAN, J. THE SCIENCE OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(3) MERIAM,J.L. & KRAIGE,L.G. ENGINEERING MECHANICS.VOL.1:STATICS
(4) FRENCH, M. INVENTION AND EVOLUTION
(5) CRANDALL,S.H.DAHL,N.C. & LARDNER,T.J INTRODUCTION TO THE MECHANICS OF SOLIDS,with SI Units
(6) HEYMAN,J.BASIC STRUCTURAL THEORY
(7) HEYMAN, J. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS: A HISTORICAL APPROACH
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IA Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
D5
Ensure fitness for purpose for all aspects of the problem including production, operation, maintenance and disposal.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US2
A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of mathematical and computer models relevant to the engineering discipline, and an appreciation of their limitations.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 26/08/2020 09:16
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