Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Develop an understanding of electromagnetic fields and their application to the solution of a range of engineering problems, building directly on the knowledge students have gained at A-level.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand the physical properties that lead to resistance, capacitance and inductance.
• Analyse simple geometries used in these components
• Understand the basic laws of electromagnetism, Gauss, Ampere, the method of images, virtual work etc.
• Calculate the electric and magnetic fields produced by simple charge and current distributions.
• Develop an understanding of the relation between field and circuit concepts
• Calculate the capacitance, inductance, and mutual inductance for simple circuits.
• Understand how energy methods can be used to estimate electromagnetic forces.
• Design simple electromagnets and permanent magnets.

Content

The emphasis during the course will be on the physical understanding of the principles involved. Only elementary mathematical methods will be used, including basic vector concepts of superposition, dot product and cross product.

The overall course will cover three main areas through the two parts:(i) electrostatics: (ii) magnetic fields: and (iii) magnetic materials. Each part will contain a theoretical description of the concepts followed by applications to a range of problems of engineering interest. Part 1 is designed to introduce the physical properties of electromagnetics leading to the resistor, the capacitor and the inductor. This is done through a purely scalar theoretical analysis of the electromagnetic concepts. Part 2 takes the concepts of Part 1 and expands them on a more general sense to gain a more fundamental understanding of electromagnetic problems and materials. Throughout the course there will be an emphasis on the way approximations must be introduced when analysing engineering problems.

Part 1 Physical principle of electronics (6 Lectures) - Prof. Wilkinson

• Physical principles - charge and charge accumulation
• Coulomb's Law - from force to an empirical derivation of electric field (and and
• Concept of electrical field (E) (with ref to point, line and surface)
• Dielectrics, idea of polarisation charges, dielectric breakdown
• The electric flux density (D) - simple geometries, point, line and surface
• Scalar definition of Gauss' law for a given surface, flux conservation
• Electrostatic potential and voltage - scalar calculation EdI
• capacitance, Q=CV, examples:(i) parallel plate capacitor (ii) coaxial line
• AC properties of capacitance (CdV/dt), simple definition of reactance (1/jwC)
• Charge flow - ohms law and current
• Simple derivation of current density (J)
• Simple description of resistance and resistivity
• Empirical definition of force between current carrying wires
• Ideas of magnetic flux density (B) from between wires
• Simple Biot Savart Law to give a circulating magnetic field
• Examples: (i) B field around a wire, (ii) B field from a loop of wire, (ii) field in a solenoid
• Scalar version of Ampere's law based on flux density circulating a wire
• Concept of Magnetic flux and flux linkage
• Faraday's Law of a electromagnetic induction
• Inductance, examples of coil and coaxial line, definition of mutual inductance
• AC properties of inductance (jwl)

Part 2- Electromagnetics (6 Lectures) - Prof. Joyce

Electrostatic systems (3 lectures)

• Further symmetries - the method of images
• Vector definition of E-field and Gauss' Law
• Energy in a capacitor and electric field. Energy storage + effect of dielectrics
• Using virtual work to estimate forces (const voltage version) + examples

Magnetic systems and materials (3 Lectures)

• Need for magnetic materials
• Ideas of magnetic field (H) and the relative permeability
• Ampere's Law with linear, MMF, Vector form of Ampere's Law.
• Non-linear materials, saturation, magnetistion curve and hysteresis, transformers?.
• Permanent magnets.
• Energy and forces in magnetics circuits - virtual work example.
• Magnetics energy as integral of HdB
• Estimating forces between magnetics materials (EM and permanent)

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 30/05/2023 15:08

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Develop an understanding of electromagnetic fields and their application to the solution of a range of engineering problems, building directly on the knowledge students have gained at A-level.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand the physical properties that lead to resistance, capacitance and inductance.
• Analyse simple geometries used in these components
• Understand the basic laws of electromagnetism, Gauss, Ampere, the method of images, virtual work etc.
• Calculate the electric and magnetic fields produced by simple charge and current distributions.
• Develop an understanding of the relation between field and circuit concepts
• Calculate the capacitance, inductance, and mutual inductance for simple circuits.
• Understand how energy methods can be used to estimate electromagnetic forces.
• Design simple electromagnets and permanent magnets.

Content

The emphasis during the course will be on the physical understanding of the principles involved. Only elementary mathematical methods will be used, including basic vector concepts of superposition, dot product and cross product.

The overall course will cover three main areas through the two parts:(i) electrostatics: (ii) magnetic fields: and (iii) magnetic materials. Each part will contain a theoretical description of the concepts followed by applications to a range of problems of engineering interest. Part 1 is designed to introduce the physical properties of electromagnetics leading to the resistor, the capacitor and the inductor. This is done through a purely scalar theoretical analysis of the electromagnetic concepts. Part 2 takes the concepts of Part 1 and expands them on a more general sense to gain a more fundamental understanding of electromagnetic problems and materials. Throughout the course there will be an emphasis on the way approximations must be introduced when analysing engineering problems.

Part 1 Physical principle of electronics (6 Lectures) - Prof. Wilkinson

• Physical principles - charge and charge accumulation
• Coulomb's Law - from force to an empirical derivation of electric field (and and
• Concept of electrical field (E) (with ref to point, line and surface)
• Dielectrics, idea of polarisation charges, dielectric breakdown
• The electric flux density (D) - simple geometries, point, line and surface
• Scalar definition of Gauss' law for a given surface, flux conservation
• Electrostatic potential and voltage - scalar calculation EdI
• capacitance, Q=CV, examples:(i) parallel plate capacitor (ii) coaxial line
• AC properties of capacitance (CdV/dt), simple definition of reactance (1/jwC)
• Charge flow - ohms law and current
• Simple derivation of current density (J)
• Simple description of resistance and resistivity
• Empirical definition of force between current carrying wires
• Ideas of magnetic flux density (B) from between wires
• Simple Biot Savart Law to give a circulating magnetic field
• Examples: (i) B field around a wire, (ii) B field from a loop of wire, (ii) field in a solenoid
• Scalar version of Ampere's law based on flux density circulating a wire
• Concept of Magnetic flux and flux linkage
• Faraday's Law of a electromagnetic induction
• Inductance, examples of coil and coaxial line, definition of mutual inductance
• AC properties of inductance (jwl)

Part 2- Electromagnetics (6 Lectures) - Prof. Joyce

Electrostatic systems (3 lectures)

• Further symmetries - the method of images
• Vector definition of E-field and Gauss' Law
• Energy in a capacitor and electric field. Energy storage + effect of dielectrics
• Using virtual work to estimate forces (const voltage version) + examples

Magnetic systems and materials (3 Lectures)

• Need for magnetic materials
• Ideas of magnetic field (H) and the relative permeability
• Ampere's Law with linear, MMF, Vector form of Ampere's Law.
• Non-linear materials, saturation, magnetistion curve and hysteresis, transformers?.
• Permanent magnets.
• Energy and forces in magnetics circuits - virtual work example.
• Magnetics energy as integral of HdB
• Estimating forces between magnetics materials (EM and permanent)

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 05/06/2025 11:13

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Introduce the material properties and failure mechanisms most relevant to mechanical design and engineering applications.
• Relate properties to atomic, molecular and microstructural features, using appropriate mathematical models.
• Enable analysis of material performance in mechanical design, including strategies for material and process selection

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand the purposes of modelling the elastic-plastic deformation responses of materials
• Define the main mechanical properties of materials and how they are measured experimentally
• Analyse the stress-strain response of simple geometries under uniform mechanical and thermal loads, distinguishing between true and nominal stress and strain
• Describe the atomic and microstructural characteristics which control the mechanical properties of engineering materials, and to interpret material property charts
• Explain briefly the origin of the elastic modulus for each class of engineering materials (metals, ceramics, polymers) and analyse the moduli of composites
• Describe the mechanisms for plastic flow in metals, and the ways in which the strength can be enhanced via composition and processing
• Understand a systematic strategy for materials selection for a given component, and use the Cambridge Engineering Selector software to find material data and select materials
• Choose materials from material property charts using simple calculations (e.g. stiffness and strength of beams at minimum weight)
• Choose primary shaping process from process attribute charts, and estimate the cost of manufacture for batch processing
• Understand the environmental impact of materials in the life cycle of products
• Describe the mechanisms of fracture and fatigue in each class of engineering materials
• Apply fracture mechanics analysis to design against fracture in metals, and Weibull failure statistics for design in ceramics
• Describe and model fatigue failure in design with metals
• Analyse the visco-elastic response of polymers, for both static and cyclic loading
• Briefly describe the mechanisms of friction and wear in engineering

Content

Introduction (1L, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

Classes of engineering materials and their applications; material properties and overview of microstructural length-scales. (1) Chap. 1,2; (2) Chap. 30; (3) Chap. 27

Elastic and Plastic Properties of Materials (1L + 2L online, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Introductory solid mechanics in design and manufacturing: analysis of stress and strain, thermal stress. (1) Chap. 4,12; (2) Chap. 3; (4) Chap. 7
• Elastic properties - Young's modulus: measurement, data and material property charts. (1) Chap. 4; (2) Chap. 3,7; (4) Chap. 7
• Plastic properties - Yield strength, tensile strength and ductility: Tensile and hardness testing, measurement of strength, data and material property charts. (1) Chap. 6; (2) Chap. 8,11,12,31; (3) Chap. 4-6; (4) Chap. 7

Microstructural Origin and Manipulation of Material Properties (4L + online "Guided Learning Unit", Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Introduction to microstructure and crystallography (online "teach yourself" Guided Learning Unit).  (1) GLU1.
• Physical basis of elastic modulus and density: atomic/molecular structure and bonding. (1) Chap. 4; (2) Chap. 4-6; (4) Chap. 2-4
• Microstructual origin and manipulation of elastic properties: foams and composites. (1) Chap. 4; (2) Chap. 6
• Physical basis of plasticity and yielding: ideal strength, dislocations in metals; failure of polymers. (1) Chap. 6; (2) Chap. 9; (4) Chap. 8
• Microstructural orgin and manipulating plastic properties: strengthening mechanisms in metals. (1) Chap. 6,19; (2) Chap. 10; (4) Chap. 8,12

Material and Process Selection, and Environmental Impact in Design (2L + 2 online, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Material selection in design; stiffness-limited and strength-limited component design; introduction to Cambridge Engineering Selector software. (1) Chap. 2,3,5,7; (2) Chap. 3,7; (4) Chap. 7
• Environmental impact and life cycle analysis of materials. (1) Chap. 20
• Selection of manufacturing process and cost estimation for batch processes. (1) Chap. 18

Fracture and Fatigue of Materials (4L, Dr A.E. Markaki)

• Toughness, fracture toughness and fatigue fracture.
• Micromechanisms of brittle and ductile fracture, and of fatigue, in metals.
• Analysis of fracture and fatigue in design.
• Weibull statistics for ceramic fracture.

         (1) Chap. 6,8-10; (2) Chap. 13-19; (3) Chap. 18,23; (4) Chap. 9

Viscoelasticity and Wear of Materials (4L, Dr T Savin)

• Constitutive modelling of materials deformation.
• Elasticity and viscoelasticity.
• Case studies.
• Micromechanisms of friction and wear in materials.

         (1) Chap. 11

REFERENCES

(1) ASHBY, M., SHERCLIFF, H. & CEBON, D. MATERIALS: ENGINEERING, SCIENCE, PROCESSING AND DESIGN (3rd or 4th edition)
(2) ASHBY, M.F. & JONES, D.R.H ENGINEERING MATERIALS 1
(3) ASHBY, M.F. & JONES, D.R.H ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2
(4) CALLISTER, W.D. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING: AN INTRODUCTION

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 13/01/2020 10:04

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Introduce the material properties and failure mechanisms most relevant to mechanical design and engineering applications.
• Relate properties to atomic, molecular and microstructural features, using appropriate mathematical models.
• Enable analysis of material performance in mechanical design, including strategies for material and process selection

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand the purposes of modelling the elastic-plastic deformation responses of materials
• Define the main mechanical properties of materials and how they are measured experimentally
• Analyse the stress-strain response of simple geometries under uniform mechanical and thermal loads, distinguishing between true and nominal stress and strain
• Describe the atomic and microstructural characteristics which control the mechanical properties of engineering materials, and to interpret material property charts
• Explain briefly the origin of the elastic modulus for each class of engineering materials (metals, ceramics, polymers) and analyse the moduli of composites
• Describe the mechanisms for plastic flow in metals, and the ways in which the strength can be enhanced via composition and processing
• Understand a systematic strategy for materials selection for a given component, and use the Cambridge Engineering Selector software to find material data and select materials
• Choose materials from material property charts using simple calculations (e.g. stiffness and strength of beams at minimum weight)
• Choose primary shaping process from process attribute charts, and estimate the cost of manufacture for batch processing
• Understand the environmental impact of materials in the life cycle of products
• Describe the mechanisms of fracture and fatigue in each class of engineering materials
• Apply fracture mechanics analysis to design against fracture in metals, and Weibull failure statistics for design in ceramics
• Describe and model fatigue failure in design with metals
• Analyse the visco-elastic response of polymers, for both static and cyclic loading
• Briefly describe the mechanisms of friction and wear in engineering

Content

Introduction (1L, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

Classes of engineering materials and their applications; material properties and overview of microstructural length-scales. (1) Chap. 1,2; (2) Chap. 30; (3) Chap. 27

Introductory Solid Mechanics: Elastic and Plastic Properties of Materials (2L online + 1L, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Introductory solid mechanics (online / teach yourself): elasticity/plasticity in design and manufacture; elastic and plastic properties: definition and measurement - Young's modulus, yield strength, tensile strength, ductility and hardness; mechanical property data and material property charts;  Hooke's Law and 3D stress-strain;  nominal and true stress and strain. (1) Chap. 4,6; (2) Chap. 3,7,8,11,12,31; (3) Chap. 4-6; (4) Chap. 7
• Analysis of stress and strain: constrained deformation, thermal stress. (1) Chap. 4,12; (2) Chap. 3; (4) Chap. 7

Microstructural Origin and Manipulation of Material Properties (4L + online "Guided Learning Unit", Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Introduction to microstructure and crystallography (online "teach yourself" Guided Learning Unit).  (1) GLU1.
• Physical basis of elastic modulus and density: atomic/molecular structure and bonding. (1) Chap. 4; (2) Chap. 4-6; (4) Chap. 2-4
• Microstructual origin and manipulation of elastic properties: foams and composites. (1) Chap. 4; (2) Chap. 6
• Physical basis of plasticity and yielding: ideal strength, dislocations in metals; failure of polymers. (1) Chap. 6; (2) Chap. 9; (4) Chap. 8
• Microstructural orgin and manipulating plastic properties: strengthening mechanisms in metals. (1) Chap. 6,19; (2) Chap. 10; (4) Chap. 8,12

Material and Process Selection, and Environmental Impact in Design (2L + 2L online, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Material selection in design; stiffness-limited and strength-limited component design (online / teach yourself). (1) Chap. 2,3,5,7; (2) Chap. 3,7; (4) Chap. 7
• Further material selection:  effect of shape, and multiple constraints.  (1) Chap. 5,7
• Environmental impact and life cycle analysis of materials. (1) Chap. 20
• Selection of manufacturing process and cost estimation for batch processes (online / teach yourself). (1) Chap. 18

Fracture and Fatigue of Materials (4L, Dr A.E. Markaki)

• Toughness, fracture toughness and fatigue fracture.
• Micromechanisms of brittle and ductile fracture, and of fatigue, in metals.
• Analysis of fracture and fatigue in design.
• Weibull statistics for ceramic fracture.

         (1) Chap. 8-10; (2) Chap. 13-19; (3) Chap. 18,23; (4) Chap. 9

Viscoelasticity and Wear of Materials (4L, Dr S Huang)

• Constitutive modelling of materials deformation.
• Elasticity and viscoelasticity.
• Case studies.
• Micromechanisms of friction and wear in materials.

         (1) Chap. 11

REFERENCES

(1) ASHBY, M., SHERCLIFF, H. & CEBON, D. MATERIALS: ENGINEERING, SCIENCE, PROCESSING AND DESIGN (3rd or 4th edition)
(2) ASHBY, M.F. & JONES, D.R.H ENGINEERING MATERIALS 1
(3) ASHBY, M.F. & JONES, D.R.H ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2
(4) CALLISTER, W.D. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING: AN INTRODUCTION

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 26/08/2020 09:17