Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Show how the concepts of kinematics are applied to rigid bodies.
• Explain how Newton's laws of motion and the equations of energy and momentum are applied to rigid bodies.
• Develop an appreciation of the function, design and schematic representation of mechanical systems.
• Develop skills in modelling and analysis of mechanical systems, including graphical, algebraic and vector methods.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Specify the position, velocity and acceleration of a rigid body in cartesian, polar and intrinsic co-ordinates, using graphical, algebraic and vector methods.
• Understand the concepts of relative velocity, relative acceleration and instantaneous centres of rigid bodies.
• Determine the centre of mass and moment of inertia of a plane lamina.
• Understand and apply the perpendicular and parallel axes theorems.
• Recognise whether a body is in static or dynamic equilibrium.
• Understand the concepts of energy, linear momentum and moment of momentum of a rigid body, and recognise when they are conserved.
• Apply Newton's laws and d'Alembert's principle to determine the acceleration of a rigid body subject to applied forces and couples, including impact in planar motion.
• Determine the forces and stresses in a rigid body caused by its motion.
• Understand the concepts of static and dynamic balance of rotors and the methods for balancing rotors.
• Understand simple gyroscopic motion.

Content

Introduction and Terminology

Kinematics

• Differentiation of vectors (4: pp 490-492)
• Motion of a particle Data book p2
• Motion of a rigid body in space (3: ch 20)
• Velocity and acceleration images (1: p 124)
• Acceleration of a particle moving relative to a body in motion (2: pp 386-389)

Rigid Body Dynamics I - Inertia Forces and Energy

• Centre of mass, moments of inertia Data book Section 4
• D'Alembert force for a particle (3: p 101)
• D'Alembert force and torque for a rigid body in plane motion (4: pp 787-788)
• Kinetic energy of a rigid body in plane motion (2: p 461)
• Conservation of energy for conservative systems (3: pp 453-458)
• Inertia forces in plane mechanisms (1: pp 200-206)
• Method of virtual power (4: pp 429-432)
• Inertia stress and bending (1) Ch 5
• Balancing simple rotors (1: pp 180-182)

Rigid Body Dynamics II - Conservation of Momentum

• Momentum of a rigid body in plane motion (2: pp 267-271)
• Moment of momentum about G in plane motion (3: pp 555-558)
• Moment of momentum about a fixed point (4: p 894)
• Impact problems in plane motion (3: pp 487-493)
• Introduction to gyroscopic motion (2: pp 564-571)
• Lamina rotating about an axis in its own plane (1: pp 185-187)

REFERENCES

(1) BEER, F.P. & JOHNSTON, E.R. VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS: STATICS AND DYNAMICS
(2) HIBBELER, R.C. ENGINEERING MECHANICS – DYNAMICS (SI UNITS)
(3) MERIAM, J.L. & KRAIGE, L.G. ENGINEERING MECHANICS. VOL.2: DYNAMICS
(4) PRENTIS, J.M. ENGINEERING MECHANICS

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 31/05/2017 10:02

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Show how the concepts of kinematics are applied to rigid bodies.
• Explain how Newton's laws of motion and the equations of energy and momentum are applied to rigid bodies.
• Develop an appreciation of the function, design and schematic representation of mechanical systems.
• Develop skills in modelling and analysis of mechanical systems, including graphical, algebraic and vector methods.
• Show how to model complex mechanics problems with constraints and multiple degrees of freedom.
• Develop skills for analyzing these complex mechanical systems, including stability, vibrations and numerical integration.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Specify the position, velocity and acceleration of a rigid body using > graphical, algebraic and vector methods.
• Understand the concepts of relative velocity, relative acceleration and instantaneous centres of rigid bodies.
• Apply Newton's laws and d'Alembert's principle to determine the acceleration of a rigid body subject to applied forces and couples, including impact in planar motion.
• Determine the forces and stresses in a rigid body caused by its motion.
• Apply Lagrange's equation to the motion of particles and rigid bodies under the action of conservative forces
• Identification of equilibrium points, and linearization around equilibrium points
• Linearization around equilibrium points to extract stability information, vibrational frequencies and growth rates.
• Use of the "Effective potential'' when J_z is conserved.
• Understand chaotic motion as observed in simple non-linear dynamics systems
• Understand simple gyroscopic motion.

Content

Introduction and Terminology

Kinematics

• Differentiation of vectors (4: pp 490-492)
• Motion of a rigid body in space (3: ch 20)
• Velocity and acceleration images (1: p 124)
• Acceleration of a particle moving relative to a body in motion (2: pp 386-389)

Rigid Body Dynamics

• D'Alembert force and torque for a rigid body in plane motion (4: pp 787-788)
• Inertia forces in plane mechanisms (1: pp 200-206)
• Method of virtual power (4: pp 429-432)
• Inertia stress and bending (1) Ch 5

Lagrange's Equation

• Introduction to  Lagrange's Equation (without derivation)
• Concept of conservative forces
• Application to the motion of particles and rigid bodies under the action of conservative forces

Non-linear dynamics

• Solution of equations of motion for a double pendulum
• Illustration of motion on a phase plane
• Concept of chaos and the sensitivity to initial conditions

Gyroscopic Effect

• Introduction to gyroscopic motion (2: pp 564-571)

REFERENCES

(1) BEER, F.P. & JOHNSTON, E.R. VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS: STATICS AND DYNAMICS
(2) HIBBELER, R.C. ENGINEERING MECHANICS – DYNAMICS (SI UNITS)
(3) MERIAM, J.L. & KRAIGE, L.G. ENGINEERING MECHANICS. VOL.2: DYNAMICS
(4) PRENTIS, J.M. ENGINEERING MECHANICS

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 22/11/2022 15:00

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Familiarise students with combinational and sequential digital logic circuits, and the analogue-digital interface,
• Familiarise students with the hardware and basic operation of microprocessors, memory and the associated electronic circuits which are required to build microprocessor-based systems.
• Teach the engineering relevance and application of digital and microprocessor-based systems, give students the ability to design simple systems of this kind, and understand microprocessor operation at the assembly-code level.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Know the nomenclature and the representation of basic gates and digital electronic components (including shift registers, counters, latches, RAM and ROM ICs)
• Understand Boolean algebra, and be able to convert verbal descriptions of requirements into Boolean notation
• Understand the need to simplify logic functions or rearrange them to use specific gate types; be able to use Boolean algebra and Karnaugh maps (for up to 4 variables) to achieve these tasks; be able to use "don't care states" in K-maps.
• Know about logic "families", the electronic circuit implementation of logic gates, and the resulting engineering issues (voltage thresholds, noise margin, finite rise time and delay)
• Know about Schmitt inputs; understand static hazards and be able to detect them using K-maps and correct them
• Be familiar with standard number codes for representing data (two's complement notation, sign+magnitude, one's complement, Gray code, ASCII); be able to convert between binary, hex, octal and decimal.
• Understand the operation of logic circuits for addition, negation and subtraction of binary integers
• Be familiar with examples of elementary VHDL and understand why it is useful
• Understand the distinction between combinational and sequential logic and the role of sequential logic; be familiar with unclocked and clocked S-R latches, D-type and JK flip-flops.
• Understand the operation and use of synchronous and asynchronous counters and shift registers.
• Understand state diagrams and their role in sequential circuit design; be able to convert a problem statement into a state diagram; be able to convert a state diagram into a circuit design based on JK flip-flops
• Understand unused states, and be able to guard against errors due to them. Be able to carry out the complete design process, from problem statement to circuit design.
• Understand the operation of weighted resistor and R-2R ladder DAC circuits
• Understand the operation of Full Adder and Ripple Carry Circuits
• Understand ROM and RAM memory circuits, the function of their control, address and data pins, and their use in digital (including microprocessor) systems
• Understand the use of tri-state outputs and busses.
• Understand and be able to design address decoders, including partial address decoders for simple systems.
• Be familiar with the system architecture of a typical PIC microprocessor system, including the ALU, memory, I/O;understand how it can be used in practical applications.
• Be familiar with the internal architecture of a typical PIC microprocessor (the PIC12F629/675) and its instruction set, and understand how instruction execution occurs.
• Understand the features of typical instruction sets,and be able to use the full instruction set (from the tables in the electrical data book).
• Be able to write simple programs in assembler mnemonics, including conditional branches, and calculate their execution times in clock cycles; know about the relationship of higher level languages to assembly level code.
• Understand (in outline only) stacks, subroutines and the hardware reset function.

Content

Digital Fundamentals and Combinational Logic

• Introduction, revision of simple logic gates, overview of logic circuit families. [1] Ch 3, [3] 392-399, [4] 12
• Circuits for inverters and basic logic gates in NMOS and CMOS. [3] 409-410, [5] Ch 2,
• Boolean algebra and its application to combinational logic. Karnaugh maps for function minimisation. [3] 436-446, [4] 39-60, [5] Ch 3,
• Gate delays, timing diagrams, hazards. [4] 391-398
• Introduction to VHDL.

Sequential Logic and its Applications

• Number codes, for example, hexadecimal, BCD, ASCII. 2's complement. [1] Ch 2, [2] Ch 3, [3] 430-435, [4] Ch 10, [6] Ch 3,
• RS and JK flip-flops, latches and simple counters.[3] 412-419, [5] Ch 4,
• Synchronous and asynchronous circuits, counters and shift registers. Serial communication. [3] 446-452, [6] Ch 5
• State diagrams and design methods for a sequencer. [4] Ch 4, [5] Ch 6
• D to A techniques. Weighted resistor and R-2R ladder networks. Schmitt trigger inputs. [3] 522-523
• Logic circuits for arithmetic functions.[3] 442, [4] 17

Introduction to Microprocessors

• Introduction to the architecture of a simple microprocessor. [1] Ch 1,5, [2] 1-9, [4] Ch 1 and Ch 5, [7] 10-13
• Memory circuits, RAM and ROM. Address decoding, definitions of read/write and chip select signals. [2] Ch 12, [3] 455-460, [4] Ch 6, [6] Ch 2
• PIC Microprocessor programming. Programme Development, Registers. [1] Ch 7, Ch 8
• Programming examples based on PIC12F629/675 instruction set. Addressing modes. Implementation using simple machine code. Assembly code and higher level languages. [1] Ch 8,9

REFERENCES

1) BATES, M. PIC MICROCONTROLLERS: AN INTRODUCTION TO MICROELECTRONICS
(2) DOWSING, R.D., WOODHAMS, F.W.D. & MARSHALL, I. COMPUTERS FROM LOGIC TO ARCHITECTURE
(3) FLOYD, T.L. DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS
(4) GIBSON, J.R. ELECTRONIC LOGIC CIRCUITS
(5) SMITH, R.J. & DORF, R.C. CIRCUITS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS
(6) TINDER, R.F. ENGINEERING DIGITAL DESIGN

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 31/05/2017 10:00

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Familiarise students with combinational and sequential digital logic circuits, and the analogue-digital interface,
• Familiarise students with the hardware and basic operation of microprocessors, memory and the associated electronic circuits which are required to build microprocessor-based systems.
• Teach the engineering relevance and application of digital and microprocessor-based systems, give students the ability to design simple systems of this kind, and understand microprocessor operation at the assembly-code level.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Know the nomenclature and the representation of basic gates and digital electronic components (including shift registers, counters, latches, RAM and ROM ICs)
• Understand Boolean algebra, and be able to convert verbal descriptions of requirements into Boolean notation
• Understand the need to simplify logic functions or rearrange them to use specific gate types; be able to use Boolean algebra and Karnaugh maps (for up to 4 variables) to achieve these tasks; be able to use "don't care states" in K-maps.
• Know about logic "families", the electronic circuit implementation of logic gates, and the resulting engineering issues (voltage thresholds, noise margin, finite rise time and delay)
• Know about Schmitt inputs; understand static hazards and be able to detect them using K-maps and correct them
• Be familiar with standard number codes for representing data (two's complement notation, sign+magnitude, one's complement, Gray code, ASCII); be able to convert between binary, hex, octal and decimal.
• Understand the operation of logic circuits for addition, negation and subtraction of binary integers
• Be familiar with examples of elementary VHDL and understand why it is useful
• Understand the distinction between combinational and sequential logic and the role of sequential logic; be familiar with unclocked and clocked S-R latches, D-type and JK flip-flops.
• Understand the operation and use of synchronous and asynchronous counters and shift registers.
• Understand state diagrams and their role in sequential circuit design; be able to convert a problem statement into a state diagram; be able to convert a state diagram into a circuit design based on JK flip-flops
• Understand unused states, and be able to guard against errors due to them. Be able to carry out the complete design process, from problem statement to circuit design.
• Understand the operation of weighted resistor and R-2R ladder DAC circuits
• Understand the operation of Full Adder and Ripple Carry Circuits
• Understand ROM and RAM memory circuits, the function of their control, address and data pins, and their use in digital (including microprocessor) systems
• Understand the use of tri-state outputs and busses.
• Understand and be able to design address decoders, including partial address decoders for simple systems.
• Be familiar with the system architecture of a typical PIC microprocessor system, including the ALU, memory, I/O;understand how it can be used in practical applications.
• Be familiar with the internal architecture of a typical PIC microprocessor (the PIC12F629/675) and its instruction set, and understand how instruction execution occurs.
• Understand the features of typical instruction sets,and be able to use the full instruction set (from the tables in the electrical data book).
• Be able to write simple programs in assembler mnemonics, including conditional branches, and calculate their execution times in clock cycles; know about the relationship of higher level languages to assembly level code.
• Understand (in outline only) stacks, subroutines and the hardware reset function.

Content

Digital Fundamentals and Combinational Logic

• Introduction, revision of simple logic gates, overview of logic circuit families. [1] Ch 3, [3] 392-399, [4] 12
• Circuits for inverters and basic logic gates in NMOS and CMOS. [3] 409-410, [5] Ch 2,
• Boolean algebra and its application to combinational logic. Karnaugh maps for function minimisation. [3] 436-446, [4] 39-60, [5] Ch 3,
• Gate delays, timing diagrams, hazards. [4] 391-398
• Introduction to VHDL.

Sequential Logic and its Applications

• Number codes, for example, hexadecimal, BCD, ASCII. 2's complement. [1] Ch 2, [2] Ch 3, [3] 430-435, [4] Ch 10, [6] Ch 3,
• RS and JK flip-flops, latches and simple counters.[3] 412-419, [5] Ch 4,
• Synchronous and asynchronous circuits, counters and shift registers. Serial communication. [3] 446-452, [6] Ch 5
• State diagrams and design methods for a sequencer. [4] Ch 4, [5] Ch 6
• D to A techniques. Weighted resistor and R-2R ladder networks. Schmitt trigger inputs. [3] 522-523
• Logic circuits for arithmetic functions.[3] 442, [4] 17

Introduction to Microprocessors

• Introduction to the architecture of a simple microprocessor. [1] Ch 1,5, [2] 1-9, [4] Ch 1 and Ch 5, [7] 10-13
• Memory circuits, RAM and ROM. Address decoding, definitions of read/write and chip select signals. [2] Ch 12, [3] 455-460, [4] Ch 6, [6] Ch 2
• PIC Microprocessor programming. Programme Development, Registers. [1] Ch 7, Ch 8
• Programming examples based on PIC12F629/675 instruction set. Addressing modes. Implementation using simple machine code. Assembly code and higher level languages. [1] Ch 8,9

REFERENCES

1) BATES, M. PIC MICROCONTROLLERS: AN INTRODUCTION TO MICROELECTRONICS
(2) DOWSING, R.D., WOODHAMS, F.W.D. & MARSHALL, I. COMPUTERS FROM LOGIC TO ARCHITECTURE
(3) FLOYD, T.L. DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS
(4) GIBSON, J.R. ELECTRONIC LOGIC CIRCUITS
(5) SMITH, R.J. & DORF, R.C. CIRCUITS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS
(6) TINDER, R.F. ENGINEERING DIGITAL DESIGN

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 26/08/2020 09:18