Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Develop an understanding of electromagnetic fields and their application to the solution of a range of engineering problems, building directly on the knowledge students have gained at A-level.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand the physical properties that lead to resistance, capacitance and inductance.
• Analyse simple geometries used in these components
• Understand the basic laws of electromagnetism, Gauss, Ampere, the method of images, virtual work etc.
• Calculate the electric and magnetic fields produced by simple charge and current distributions.
• Develop an understanding of the relation between field and circuit concepts
• Calculate the capacitance, inductance, and mutual inductance for simple circuits.
• Understand how energy methods can be used to estimate electromagnetic forces.
• Design simple electromagnets and permanent magnets.

Content

The emphasis during the course will be on the physical understanding of the principles involved. Only elementary mathematical methods will be used, including basic vector concepts of superposition, dot product and cross product.

The overall course will cover three main areas through the two parts:(i) electrostatics: (ii) magnetic fields: and (iii) magnetic materials. Each part will contain a theoretical description of the concepts followed by applications to a range of problems of engineering interest.Part 1 is designed to introduce the physical properties of electromagnetics leading to the resistor, the capacitor and the inductor. This is done through a purely scalar theoretical analysis of the electromagnetic concepts. Part 2 takes the concepts of Part 1 and expands them on a more general sense to gain a more fundamental understanding of electromagnetic problem and materials. Throughout the course there will be an emphasis on the way approximation must be introduced when analysing engineering problems.

Part 1 Physical principle of electronics (6 Lectures) (6L)

• Physical principles - charge and charge accumulation
• Coulomb's Law - from force to an empirical derivation of electric field (and and
• Concept of electrical field (E) (with ref to point, line and surface)
• Dielectrics, idea of polarisation charges, dielectric breakdown
• The electric flux density (D) - simple geometries, point, line and surface
• Scalar definition of Gauss' law for a given surface, flux conservation
• Electrostatic potential and voltage - scalar calculation EdI
• capacitance, Q=CV, examples:(i) parallel plate capacitor (ii) coaxial line
• AC properties of capacitance (CdV/dt), simple definition of reactance (1/jwC)
• Charge flow - ohms law and current
• Simple derivation of current density (J)
• Simple description of resistance and resistivity
• Empirical definition of force between current carrying wires
• Ideas of magnetic flux density (B) from between wires
• Simple Biot Savart Law to give a circulating magnetic field
• Examples: (i) B field around a wire, (ii) B field from a loop of wire, (ii) field in a solenoid
• Scalar version of Ampere's law based on flux density circulating a wire
• Concept of Magnetic flux and flux linkage
• Faraday's Law of a electromagnetic induction
• Inductance, examples of coil and coaxial line, definition of mutual inductance
• AC properties of inductance (jwl)

Part 2- Electrmagnetics (3L)

Electrostatic systems (3 lectures)

• Further symmetries - the method of images
• Vector definition of E-field and Gauss' Law
• Energy in a capacitor and electric field. Energy storage + effect of dielectrics
• Using virtual work to estimate forces (const voltage version) + examples

Magnetic systems and materials (3 Lectures)

• Need for magnetic materials
• Ideas of magnetic field (H) and the relative permeability
• Ampere's Law with linear, MMF, Vector form of Ampere's Law.
• Non-linear materials, saturation, magnetistion curve and hysteresis, transformers?.
• Permanent magnets.
• Energy and forces in magnetics circuits - virtual work example.
• Magnetics energy as integral of HdB
• Estimating forces between magnetics materials (EM and permanent)

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 31/05/2017 10:00

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Develop an understanding of electromagnetic fields and their application to the solution of a range of engineering problems, building directly on the knowledge students have gained at A-level.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand the physical properties that lead to resistance, capacitance and inductance.
• Analyse simple geometries used in these components
• Understand the basic laws of electromagnetism, Gauss, Ampere, the method of images, virtual work etc.
• Calculate the electric and magnetic fields produced by simple charge and current distributions.
• Develop an understanding of the relation between field and circuit concepts
• Calculate the capacitance, inductance, and mutual inductance for simple circuits.
• Understand how energy methods can be used to estimate electromagnetic forces.
• Design simple electromagnets and permanent magnets.

Content

The emphasis during the course will be on the physical understanding of the principles involved. Only elementary mathematical methods will be used, including basic vector concepts of superposition, dot product and cross product.

The overall course will cover three main areas through the two parts:(i) electrostatics: (ii) magnetic fields: and (iii) magnetic materials. Each part will contain a theoretical description of the concepts followed by applications to a range of problems of engineering interest. Part 1 is designed to introduce the physical properties of electromagnetics leading to the resistor, the capacitor and the inductor. This is done through a purely scalar theoretical analysis of the electromagnetic concepts. Part 2 takes the concepts of Part 1 and expands them on a more general sense to gain a more fundamental understanding of electromagnetic problems and materials. Throughout the course there will be an emphasis on the way approximations must be introduced when analysing engineering problems.

Part 1 Physical principle of electronics (6 Lectures) - Prof. Wilkinson

• Physical principles - charge and charge accumulation
• Coulomb's Law - from force to an empirical derivation of electric field (and and
• Concept of electrical field (E) (with ref to point, line and surface)
• Dielectrics, idea of polarisation charges, dielectric breakdown
• The electric flux density (D) - simple geometries, point, line and surface
• Scalar definition of Gauss' law for a given surface, flux conservation
• Electrostatic potential and voltage - scalar calculation EdI
• capacitance, Q=CV, examples:(i) parallel plate capacitor (ii) coaxial line
• AC properties of capacitance (CdV/dt), simple definition of reactance (1/jwC)
• Charge flow - ohms law and current
• Simple derivation of current density (J)
• Simple description of resistance and resistivity
• Empirical definition of force between current carrying wires
• Ideas of magnetic flux density (B) from between wires
• Simple Biot Savart Law to give a circulating magnetic field
• Examples: (i) B field around a wire, (ii) B field from a loop of wire, (ii) field in a solenoid
• Scalar version of Ampere's law based on flux density circulating a wire
• Concept of Magnetic flux and flux linkage
• Faraday's Law of a electromagnetic induction
• Inductance, examples of coil and coaxial line, definition of mutual inductance
• AC properties of inductance (jwl)

Part 2- Electromagnetics (6 Lectures) - Prof. Joyce

Electrostatic systems (3 lectures)

• Further symmetries - the method of images
• Vector definition of E-field and Gauss' Law
• Energy in a capacitor and electric field. Energy storage + effect of dielectrics
• Using virtual work to estimate forces (const voltage version) + examples

Magnetic systems and materials (3 Lectures)

• Need for magnetic materials
• Ideas of magnetic field (H) and the relative permeability
• Ampere's Law with linear, MMF, Vector form of Ampere's Law.
• Non-linear materials, saturation, magnetistion curve and hysteresis, transformers?.
• Permanent magnets.
• Energy and forces in magnetics circuits - virtual work example.
• Magnetics energy as integral of HdB
• Estimating forces between magnetics materials (EM and permanent)

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 30/07/2024 08:44

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Develop an understanding of electromagnetic fields and their application to the solution of a range of engineering problems, building directly on the knowledge students have gained at A-level.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand the physical properties that lead to resistance, capacitance and inductance.
• Analyse simple geometries used in these components
• Understand the basic laws of electromagnetism, Gauss, Ampere, the method of images, virtual work etc.
• Calculate the electric and magnetic fields produced by simple charge and current distributions.
• Develop an understanding of the relation between field and circuit concepts
• Calculate the capacitance, inductance, and mutual inductance for simple circuits.
• Understand how energy methods can be used to estimate electromagnetic forces.
• Design simple electromagnets and permanent magnets.

Content

The emphasis during the course will be on the physical understanding of the principles involved. Only elementary mathematical methods will be used, including basic vector concepts of superposition, dot product and cross product.

The overall course will cover three main areas through the two parts:(i) electrostatics: (ii) magnetic fields: and (iii) magnetic materials. Each part will contain a theoretical description of the concepts followed by applications to a range of problems of engineering interest.Part 1 is designed to introduce the physical properties of electromagnetics leading to the resistor, the capacitor and the inductor. This is done through a purely scalar theoretical analysis of the electromagnetic concepts. Part 2 takes the concepts of Part 1 and expands them on a more general sense to gain a more fundamental understanding of electromagnetic problem and materials. Throughout the course there will be an emphasis on the way approximation must be introduced when analysing engineering problems.

Part 1 Physical principle of electronics (6 Lectures) (6L)

• Physical principles - charge and charge accumulation
• Coulomb's Law - from force to an empirical derivation of electric field (and and
• Concept of electrical field (E) (with ref to point, line and surface)
• Dielectrics, idea of polarisation charges, dielectric breakdown
• The electric flux density (D) - simple geometries, point, line and surface
• Scalar definition of Gauss' law for a given surface, flux conservation
• Electrostatic potential and voltage - scalar calculation EdI
• capacitance, Q=CV, examples:(i) parallel plate capacitor (ii) coaxial line
• AC properties of capacitance (CdV/dt), simple definition of reactance (1/jwC)
• Charge flow - ohms law and current
• Simple derivation of current density (J)
• Simple description of resistance and resistivity
• Empirical definition of force between current carrying wires
• Ideas of magnetic flux density (B) from between wires
• Simple Biot Savart Law to give a circulating magnetic field
• Examples: (i) B field around a wire, (ii) B field from a loop of wire, (ii) field in a solenoid
• Scalar version of Ampere's law based on flux density circulating a wire
• Concept of Magnetic flux and flux linkage
• Faraday's Law of a electromagnetic induction
• Inductance, examples of coil and coaxial line, definition of mutual inductance
• AC properties of inductance (jwl)

Part 2- Electromagnetics (6L)

Electrostatic systems (3 lectures)

• Further symmetries - the method of images
• Vector definition of E-field and Gauss' Law
• Energy in a capacitor and electric field. Energy storage + effect of dielectrics
• Using virtual work to estimate forces (const voltage version) + examples

Magnetic systems and materials (3 Lectures)

• Need for magnetic materials
• Ideas of magnetic field (H) and the relative permeability
• Ampere's Law with linear, MMF, Vector form of Ampere's Law.
• Non-linear materials, saturation, magnetistion curve and hysteresis, transformers?.
• Permanent magnets.
• Energy and forces in magnetics circuits - virtual work example.
• Magnetics energy as integral of HdB
• Estimating forces between magnetics materials (EM and permanent)

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 04/12/2018 10:09

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Introduce the basic language of fluid dynamics (lift, drag, pressure, streamlines etc.).
• Familiarise students with the scope and applications of thermodynamics.
• Introduce the control volume concept
• Teach the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and the Second Law of Thermodynamics, both for systems and for control volumes.
• Show how velocity and pressure are related.
• Teach the properties and behaviour of substances, especially of ideal gases.
• Examine engineering applications, such as buoyancy, flow measurement, lift and drag forces, etc.
• Demonstrate the application of the basic principles of Thermodynamics to the analysis of simple cycles.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand the concepts of mass, momentum, heat, work, energy and entropy in Thermofluid Mechanics.
• Understand the basic principles of hydrostatics.
• Understand how to use manometers and other instruments/tehcniques for the investigation of fluid flows.
• Identify a thermofluid system or control volume and the flows of mass, momentum, heat and work that are associated with a given problem.
• Understand the origin of lift and drag
• Apply the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics to a system
• Evaluate entropy changes for reversible and irreversible processes.
• Decide when Bernoulli's equation is applicable to a fluid flow and then apply it.
• Understand the behaviour of pure substances, the meaning of selected properties (p,v,s, T,u,h) and their use in analyses, and how to determine their values using thermodynamic tables and analytical expressions (e.g. pv = RT).
• Understand the use of the isentropic relations for perfect gases.
• Understand the fundamental relationships of fluid dynamics and apply them to engineering problems.
• Perform thermodynamic analyses for ideal cycles such as the Otto ("gasoline engine"), Diesel and Joule ("gas turbine") cycles.

Content

N(P) indicates reference and page number

PART 1 – FLUID MECHANICS (Dr N Atkins)

Introduction to Thermofluid Mechanics (1.0L)

• The significance of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
• What is a fluid? (3) 12, (4)6
• Forces in fluids. (3) 15, 4(9)
• Terminology of Fluid Dynamics. 3(33), 4(41)

Fluid Statics (Hydrostatics) (2.0L)

• Basic equations. (3)47, 4(20)
• Variation of pressure with depth. 3(49), 4(23)
• Manometers and barometers. 3(53), 4(26)
• Forces on submerged bodies. 3 (62), 4(30)
• Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle.3(74), 4(33)

Control volume approach (1.0L)

• Systems and control volumes.
• Conservation of mass in control volumes. 3(97), 4(54)

Steady momentum equation(2.0L)

• Newton's 2nd law applied to control volumes (steady flow momentum equation)(3)143, 4(70)
• Steady momentum equation in two dimensions. 3(143), 5(70)

Bernoulli's equation (2.0L)

• Derivation.(3)99, 4(56)
• Applications (Venturi, discharge, flow measurement). 3(110), 4((62)
• Open channel flows.3(433), 5(69)

Curved Streamlines (1.0L)

• Coanda effect. 3(115)
• Magnus effect. 3(415)
• Circulation and lift. 3(419), 4(161)

Summary and examples (1.0L)

PART II – THERMODYNAMICS (1.0L) (Dr C Hall, Lectures 11 – 24)

Introduction and Fundamental Concepts (1L)

• What is Thermodynamics?
• The scope of Thermodynamics.
• Classical Thermodynamics versus Molecular Thermodynamics.
• Thermodynamic Systems, Properties and Thermodynamic State.
• Thermodynamic Equilibrium, The Two-property rule.

The First Law of Thermodynamics (1L)

• Work, Heat and Energy.
• General statement of the First Law for a closed system.
• Cyclic processes, adiabatic processes.

Property Relations and Ideal Gases (1L)

• Pure substances and phases.
• Definition of enthalpy (H), specific heat capacities.
• Ideal gas relations: perfect and semi-perfect gases.

Application of the 1st Law to Perfect Gases (1L)

• Isobaric, isochoric and isothermal processes.
• Adiabatic compression and expansion.
• Polytropic processes.

The Second Law of Thermodynamic (1.5L)

• Reversible and irreversible processes.
• The Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of the Second Law.
• Heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps.
• Cycle efficiency and coefficient of performance.
• The Carnot cycle.

Temperature (0.5L)

• The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.
• Empirical temperature scales, the perfect gas temperature scale.
• Thermodynamic temperature. Temperature measurement.

Entropy (2L)

• Revision of 1st and 2nd Laws
• The Clausius Inequality.
• The definition of entropy (S)
• Entropy changes for reversible and irreversible processes.

Application and Interpretation of Entropy (1L)

• The “Tds” equations. Entropy of a perfect gas.
• Entropy changes of isolated systems: principle of maximum entropy.
• Molecular interpretation

Applications I: Reciprocating internal combustion engines (1L)

• Spark ignition and compression ignition engines.
• The Air-standard cycles: Otto and Diesel.
• Practical considerations.

Control volume analysis (1L)

• Mass conservation revisited.
• First Law applied to control volumes

Steady Flow Processes (1L)

• The steady flow energy equation (SFEE).
• Throttling processes; compressors and turbines

The Second Law for Control Volumes (1L)

• Entropy changes for flow processes.
• Steady reversible and irreversible flow.
• Isentropic flow.

The Applications II: Gas Turbines and Jet Engines (1L)

• The air-standard Joule cycle.
• The jet engine.

REFERENCES

(1) CENGEL, Y.A. & BOLES, M.A. THERMODYNAMICS: AN ENGINEERING APPROACH
(2) HOMSY, G.M.(ed.) MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(3) MORAN, M.J. & SHAPIRO, H.N. FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(4) NAKAYAMA, Y.; & BOUCHER, R.F. INTRODUCTION TO FLUID MECHANICS
(5) ROGERS, G.F.C. & MAYHEW, Y.R. ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(6) SAMIMY, M., et al. A GALLERY OF FLUID MOTION
(7) SONNTAG, R.E., BORGNAKKE, C., & VAN WYLEN, G.J. FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS
(8) VAN DYKE, M. AN ALBUM OF FLUID MOTION

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 20/05/2021 07:33