Engineering Tripos Part IB, 2P8: Electrical Engineering, 2023-24
Course Leader
Lecturers
Professor A J Flewitt and Professor C Durkan
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-4 Easter term. 16 lectures including worked examples, 4 lectures/week.
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Give the student an appreciation of the scientific understanding, electronic materials, processing technilogy, and the design of the transistors, displays and storage devices inside a modern personal computer.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Understand the concepts of electronic motion in metals and semiconductors and doping in semiconductors.
- Understand the concepts in the design of a field effect transistor.
- Understand the relationship between switching speed and dimensions in transistor design.
- Give an overview of the technology of processing materials and the impact on transistor design.
- Give an overview of lithography techniques and the impact on transistor design.
- Understand the technological implications of increased speed and reduced dimensions of transistors
- Give a vision of potential future developments where transistors have atomic scales.
- Have an appreciation of the different technologies which can be used for flat panel displays.
- Have a basic understanding of liquid crystal displays and active matrix liquid crystal displays.
- Have a basic understanding of how a magnetic storage hard disk drive works, and materials used.
Content
Ubiquity of Semiconductor Devices (1L)
Semiconductor devices are hugely common in modern life,in cell-phones,computers,TVs,solar cells, lighting (light emitting diodes). How do they work inside?
Electronic devices in computers - Switches, logic, storage, DRAM, SRAM, idea of Moore's law
What is a Semiconductor (1L)
- Bonding in metals and semiconductors. Band gaps. Perodic table, Doping.
- The electron as a particle, a pin-ball model for conduction. Mobility, saturated velocity. Worked examples.
The MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) (4L)
- Operating concepts of MOSFETs. Transit time. Switching speed. Gate control.
- MESFETs vs MOSFETs. Why Si not GaAs.
- Elementary discussion of Scaling and Moore's law.
Displays (3L)
- Display technologies - electricity into light.
- What are Liquid crystals.
- Active matrix liquid crystal displays.
Fabricating Devices (4L)
- Production of silicon and related materials
- Metallisation
- Patterning
- Etching
Magnetic storage technology (1L)
- Elementary principles of magnetic storage - BH loops, bits, writing, reading.
- The mechanical design of a modern hard disk drive.
- The material in a disk and read head.
Towards the Future (1L)
- How MOSFET device dimensions and voltages reduce to give even smaller and faster transistors, towards an atomic scale with gate-all-around geometries.
- Memristors as new devices for emerging neuromorphic computing.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S3
Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 30/05/2023 15:16
Engineering Tripos Part IB, 2P8: Electrical Engineering, 2022-23
Course Leader
Lecturers
Professor A J Flewitt and Professor C Durkan
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-4 Easter term. 16 lectures including worked examples, 4 lectures/week.
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Give the student an appreciation of the scientific understanding, electronic materials, processing technilogy, and the design of the transistors, displays and storage devices inside a modern personal computer.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Understand the concepts of electronic motion in metals and semiconductors and doping in semiconductors.
- Understand the concepts in the design of a field effect transistor.
- Understand the relationship between switching speed and dimensions in transistor design.
- Give an overview of the technology of processing materials and the impact on transistor design.
- Give an overview of lithography techniques and the impact on transistor design.
- Understand the technological implications of increased speed and reduced dimensions of transistors
- Give a vision of potential future developments where transistors have atomic scales.
- Have an appreciation of the different technologies which can be used for flat panel displays.
- Have a basic understanding of liquid crystal displays and active matrix liquid crystal displays.
- Have a basic understanding of how a magnetic storage hard disk drive works, and materials used.
Content
Ubiquity of Semiconductor Devices (1L)
Semiconductor devices are hugely common in modern life,in cell-phones,computers,TVs,solar cells, lighting (light emitting diodes). How do they work inside?
Electronic devices in computers - Switches, logic, storage, DRAM, SRAM, idea of Moore's law
What is a Semiconductor (1L)
- Bonding in metals and semiconductors. Band gaps. Perodic table, Doping.
- The electron as a particle, a pin-ball model for conduction. Mobility, saturated velocity. Worked examples.
The MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) (4L)
- Operating concepts of MOSFETs. Transit time. Switching speed. Gate control.
- MESFETs vs MOSFETs. Why Si not GaAs.
- Elementary discussion of Scaling and Moore's law.
Displays (3L)
- Display technologies - electricity into light.
- What are Liquid crystals.
- Active matrix liquid crystal displays.
Fabricating Devices (4L)
- Production of silicon and related materials
- Metallisation
- Patterning
- Etching
Magnetic storage technology (1L)
- Elementary principles of magnetic storage - BH loops, bits, writing, reading.
- The mechanical design of a modern hard disk drive.
- The material in a disk and read head.
Towards the Future (1L)
- How MOSFET device dimensions and voltages reduce to give even smaller and faster transistors, towards an atomic scale with gate-all-around geometries.
- Memristors as new devices for emerging neuromorphic computing.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S3
Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 24/05/2022 14:09
Engineering Tripos Part IB, 2P8: Electrical Engineering, 2021-22
Course Leader
Lecturers
Professor A J Flewitt and Professor C Durkan
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-4 Easter term. 16 lectures including worked examples, 4 lectures/week.
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Give the student an appreciation of the scientific understanding, electronic materials, processing technilogy, and the design of the transistors, displays and storage devices inside a modern personal computer.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Understand the concepts of electronic motion in metals and semiconductors and doping in semiconductors.
- Understand the concepts in the design of a field effect transistor.
- Understand the relationship between switching speed and dimensions in transistor design.
- Give an overview of the technology of processing materials and the impact on transistor design.
- Give an overview of lithography techniques and the impact on transistor design.
- Understand the technological implications of increased speed and reduced dimensions of transistors
- Give a vision of potential future developments where transistors have atomic scales.
- Have an appreciation of the different technologies which can be used for flat panel displays.
- Have a basic understanding of liquid crystal displays and active matrix liquid crystal displays.
- Have a basic understanding of how a magnetic storage hard disk drive works, and materials used.
Content
Ubiquity of Semiconductor Devices (1L)
Semiconductor devices are hugely common in modern life,in cell-phones,computers,TVs,solar cells, lighting (light emitting diodes). How do they work inside?
Electronic devices in computers - Switches, logic, storage, DRAM, SRAM, idea of Moore's law
What is a Semiconductor (1L)
- Bonding in metals and semiconductors. Band gaps. Perodic table, Doping.
- The electron as a particle, a pin-ball model for conduction. Mobility, saturated velocity. Worked examples.
The MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) (4L)
- Operating concepts of MOSFETs. Transit time. Switching speed. Gate control.
- MESFETs vs MOSFETs. Why Si not GaAs.
- Elementary discussion of Scaling and Moore's law.
Displays (3L)
- Display technologies - electricity into light.
- What are Liquid crystals.
- Active matrix liquid crystal displays.
Fabricating Devices (4L)
- Production of silicon and related materials
- Metallisation
- Patterning
- Etching
Magnetic storage technology (1L)
- Elementary principles of magnetic storage - BH loops, bits, writing, reading.
- The mechanical design of a modern hard disk drive.
- The material in a disk and read head.
Towards the Future (1L)
- How MOSFET device dimensions and voltages reduce to give even smaller and faster transistors, towards an atomic scale with gate-all-around geometries.
- Memristors as new devices for emerging neuromorphic computing.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S3
Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 13/09/2021 23:35
Engineering Tripos Part IB, 2P8: Information Engineering, 2017-18
Lecturers
Professor R Cipolla and Dr J Lasenby
Timing and Structure
Easter Term: Weeks 1-4 - 14 lectures + 2 examples classes, 4 lectures/week
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- To teach students about image processing within the context of photo editing software and image search engines (such as Image Google).
Content
There will be quite as strong emphasis on statistical techniques (histograms) and spatial domain filtering methods which will follow on naturally from the material in paper 6 and 7.
A: Photo Editing - Lectures 1-5 (J. Lasenby)
Part A of the course will discuss basic digital image handling techniques and will cover the following topics:
- Cropping, resizing, rotation and morphing - involving basic ideas of interpolation and filtering for shifting/resampling purposes.
- Colour - conversion between different colour spaces (e.g. RGB, YUV and HSV) and adjustment for colour lighting effects such as colour-cast correction and white balancing.
- Histograms - their use in analysis and correction of lighting intensity problems, such as over/under exposure and shadows.
- Segmentation - for purposes such as red-eye correction and independent contrast correction in areas of shadows, mid-tones and highlights.
- Correcting focus problems - sharpening (debluring) filters and problems of noise amplification.
- Correcting noise problems - smoothing filters, problems of blurring, and the use of spatially adaptive filters to optimise sharpening and denoising tradeoffs.
- These will be illustrated with the development of Matlab solutions to a range of common photo editing functions such as found in widely used packages like Adobe Photoshop and Microsoft Digital Image Suite.
NB: All filters will be based on separable 1D Gaussian lowpass filters, with combinations of these to produce bandpass and highpass filters. These can be analysed in the spatial domain, so the 2D Fourier and Z transforms will not be taught.
B: Image Features and Matching - Lecturers 6-10 (R. Cipolla)
Part B will include material on feature and texture descriptors and efficient shift-invariant and rotation-invariant matching techniques using these descriptors. It will cover the following topics:
- Convolution with gaussians and derivatives of gaussians to provide directional bandpass filters.
- Edge detection using directional filters.
- Interest point detection using edge measurement and image autocorrelation measurement.
- Texture descriptors, based on filters or on principle components analysis (PCA) of images
- The SIFT feature descriptor for matching image features
- A case study of a real-time industrial system to match a photograph from a mobile phone to images in a database, and applications of such systems
C: Image Searching and Modelling Using Machine Learning - Lecturers 11-14 (R. Cipolla and M. Johnson)
Part C of the course will focus on the application of modern pattern recognition and statistical machine learning methods applied to image retrieval and related problems. Although all examples will focus on applications to images, the ideas are generally applicable to other domains. We will cover the following topics:
- Representing images as feature vectors
- Image classification using nearest neighbours
- Introduction to Deep Learning: Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
- Network architectures (number of layers, non-linear elements, pooling) and estimation of parameters (training under supervised learning) using back-propagation and stochastic gradient descent.
- A case study of a state-of-the-art image classification and retrieval system.
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Part IB Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S3
Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 31/05/2017 10:02
Engineering Tripos Part IB, 2P8: Civil and Structural Engineering, 2017-18
Lecturers
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-4 Easter Term. 14 lectures + 2 examples classes, 4 lectures/week
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Act as a shop window for the techniques and technologies of civil engineering seen as a practical and scientific discipline.
- Create interest in the design and construction of underground facilities, with illustrations from recent schemes, and in so doing highlight the role of the professional.
- Introduce the materials of underground construction: soil, and reinforced concrete.
- Introduce the principles of soil mechanics, and to demonstrate their application to the design of structures underground.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Select a method of underground construction which will be appropriate to some specified set of ground conditions.
- Relate soil voids ratio to its bulk density, and calculate vertical stresses.
- Interpret tests to determine the strength of soils, so as to obtain appropriate "undrained" (single-phase) or "drained" (dual-phase) parameters.
- Use Mohr circles of stress to calculate the possible bounds to the lateral earth pressure: "active" (minimal) and "passive" (maximal).
- Use active and passive pressures to dimension satisfactory earth retaining walls, and calculate shear forces and bending moments.
- Calculate the design flexural strength of reinforced concrete sections, using appropriate material properties.
- Outline the internal stress-distribution in reinforced concrete walls, and make proposals for shear reinforcement.
- Discuss the detailing of reinforced concrete retaining walls constructed in various ways.
- Discuss the factors influencing design and construction of bored tunnels in urban areas.
- Illustrate the handling of uncertainty and risk in construction underground.
Content
Granular Materials (3L)
References: (1) 1-26, 63-79, 93-96; (2) 1-30, 46-64, 165-170
- 1.1. Geology, rock, soil
- 1.2. Pores & water, density, geostatic stresses
- 1.3. Effective stress and pore water pressure
- 1.4. Strength in shear and compression
- 1.5. Effective internal friction, dilatancy, critical state
- 1.6. Tests for the shear strength of soils: shear box, triaxal
Earth Pressures (3L)
References: (1) 272-284, 295-307; (2) 243-250
- 2.1. Earth pressure and thrust on retaining walls
- 2.2. Coulomb's kinematical method using wedge mechanisms
- 2.3. Rankine's statical method using Mohr's circles of stress
- 2.4. Active and passive limits to possible earth pressures
- 2.5. The influence of water in sands and clays
- 2.6. Drained and undrained soil behaviour
Geotechnical Design of Underground Space (3L)
References (1) 357-376, 409-430; (2) 233-242, 269-271, 341-375
- 3.1. Site investigation and ground characterisation
- 3.2. Permissible soil strength, design earth pressures
- 3.3. Designing a retaining wall: stability and equilibrium, factors of safety
- 3.4. Cut and cover, and top-down construction of reinforced concrete, case histories.
- 3.5. Tunnelling: design and construction
- 3.6. Tunnelling: stability, ground movements, case histories.
Reinforced Concrete (3L)
References: (3) 1-2, 18-28, 85-119
- 4.1. Simple theory for the bending of a concrete beam
- 4.2. Shear force and bending moment distribution in walls.
- 4.3. Longitudinal and shear reinforcement
- 4.4. Design, detailing and construction of reinforced concrete
- 4.5. Analysis and design of underground structures
Design and Construction of Underground Space (2L)
REFERENCES
1) BOLTON, M. GUIDE TO SOIL MECHANICS
(2) POWRIE, W. SOIL MECHANICS - CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
(3) KONG, F.K. & EVANS, R.H. REINFORCED AND PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Part IB Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S3
Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 31/05/2017 09:47
Engineering Tripos Part IB, 2P8: Civil and Structural Engineering, 2020-21
Course Leader
Lecturers
Dr S Selvakumaran, Prof G Vigianni
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-4 Easter Term. 14 lectures + 2 examples classes, 4 lectures/week
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Act as a shop window for the techniques and technologies of civil engineering seen as a practical and scientific discipline.
- Create interest in the design and construction of underground facilities, with illustrations from recent schemes, and in so doing highlight the role of the professional.
- Introduce the materials of underground construction: soil, and reinforced concrete.
- Introduce the principles of soil mechanics, and to demonstrate their application to the design of structures underground.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Select a method of underground construction which will be appropriate to some specified set of ground conditions.
- Relate soil voids ratio to its bulk density, and calculate vertical stresses.
- Interpret tests to determine the strength of soils, so as to obtain appropriate "undrained" (single-phase) or "drained" (dual-phase) parameters.
- Use Mohr circles of stress to calculate the possible bounds to the lateral earth pressure: "active" (minimal) and "passive" (maximal).
- Use active and passive pressures to dimension satisfactory earth retaining walls, and calculate shear forces and bending moments.
- Calculate the design flexural strength of reinforced concrete sections, using appropriate material properties.
- Outline the internal stress-distribution in reinforced concrete walls, and make proposals for shear reinforcement.
- Discuss the detailing of reinforced concrete retaining walls constructed in various ways.
- Discuss the factors influencing design and construction of bored tunnels in urban areas.
- Illustrate the handling of uncertainty and risk in construction underground.
Content
Granular Materials (3L)
References: (1) 1-26, 63-79, 93-96; (2) 1-30, 46-64, 165-170
- 1.1. Geology, rock, soil
- 1.2. Pores & water, density, geostatic stresses
- 1.3. Effective stress and pore water pressure
- 1.4. Strength in shear and compression
- 1.5. Effective internal friction, dilatancy, critical state
- 1.6. Tests for the shear strength of soils: shear box, triaxal
Earth Pressures (3L)
References: (1) 272-284, 295-307; (2) 243-250
- 2.1. Earth pressure and thrust on retaining walls
- 2.2. Coulomb's kinematical method using wedge mechanisms
- 2.3. Rankine's statical method using Mohr's circles of stress
- 2.4. Active and passive limits to possible earth pressures
- 2.5. The influence of water in sands and clays
- 2.6. Drained and undrained soil behaviour
Geotechnical Design of Underground Space (3L)
References (1) 357-376, 409-430; (2) 233-242, 269-271, 341-375
- 3.1. Site investigation and ground characterisation
- 3.2. Permissible soil strength, design earth pressures
- 3.3. Designing a retaining wall: stability and equilibrium, factors of safety
- 3.4. Cut and cover, and top-down construction of reinforced concrete, case histories.
- 3.5. Tunnelling: design and construction
- 3.6. Tunnelling: stability, ground movements, case histories.
Reinforced Concrete (3L)
References: (3) 1-2, 18-28, 85-119
- 4.1. Simple theory for the bending of a concrete beam
- 4.2. Shear force and bending moment distribution in walls.
- 4.3. Longitudinal and shear reinforcement
- 4.4. Design, detailing and construction of reinforced concrete
- 4.5. Analysis and design of underground structures
Design and Construction of Underground Space (2L)
REFERENCES
1) BOLTON, M. GUIDE TO SOIL MECHANICS
(2) POWRIE, W. SOIL MECHANICS - CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
(3) KONG, F.K. & EVANS, R.H. REINFORCED AND PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S3
Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 14/10/2020 14:07
Engineering Tripos Part IB, 2P8: Civil and Structural Engineering, 2019-20
Course Leader
Lecturers
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-4 Easter Term. 14 lectures + 2 examples classes, 4 lectures/week
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Act as a shop window for the techniques and technologies of civil engineering seen as a practical and scientific discipline.
- Create interest in the design and construction of underground facilities, with illustrations from recent schemes, and in so doing highlight the role of the professional.
- Introduce the materials of underground construction: soil, and reinforced concrete.
- Introduce the principles of soil mechanics, and to demonstrate their application to the design of structures underground.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Select a method of underground construction which will be appropriate to some specified set of ground conditions.
- Relate soil voids ratio to its bulk density, and calculate vertical stresses.
- Interpret tests to determine the strength of soils, so as to obtain appropriate "undrained" (single-phase) or "drained" (dual-phase) parameters.
- Use Mohr circles of stress to calculate the possible bounds to the lateral earth pressure: "active" (minimal) and "passive" (maximal).
- Use active and passive pressures to dimension satisfactory earth retaining walls, and calculate shear forces and bending moments.
- Calculate the design flexural strength of reinforced concrete sections, using appropriate material properties.
- Outline the internal stress-distribution in reinforced concrete walls, and make proposals for shear reinforcement.
- Discuss the detailing of reinforced concrete retaining walls constructed in various ways.
- Discuss the factors influencing design and construction of bored tunnels in urban areas.
- Illustrate the handling of uncertainty and risk in construction underground.
Content
Granular Materials (3L)
References: (1) 1-26, 63-79, 93-96; (2) 1-30, 46-64, 165-170
- 1.1. Geology, rock, soil
- 1.2. Pores & water, density, geostatic stresses
- 1.3. Effective stress and pore water pressure
- 1.4. Strength in shear and compression
- 1.5. Effective internal friction, dilatancy, critical state
- 1.6. Tests for the shear strength of soils: shear box, triaxal
Earth Pressures (3L)
References: (1) 272-284, 295-307; (2) 243-250
- 2.1. Earth pressure and thrust on retaining walls
- 2.2. Coulomb's kinematical method using wedge mechanisms
- 2.3. Rankine's statical method using Mohr's circles of stress
- 2.4. Active and passive limits to possible earth pressures
- 2.5. The influence of water in sands and clays
- 2.6. Drained and undrained soil behaviour
Geotechnical Design of Underground Space (3L)
References (1) 357-376, 409-430; (2) 233-242, 269-271, 341-375
- 3.1. Site investigation and ground characterisation
- 3.2. Permissible soil strength, design earth pressures
- 3.3. Designing a retaining wall: stability and equilibrium, factors of safety
- 3.4. Cut and cover, and top-down construction of reinforced concrete, case histories.
- 3.5. Tunnelling: design and construction
- 3.6. Tunnelling: stability, ground movements, case histories.
Reinforced Concrete (3L)
References: (3) 1-2, 18-28, 85-119
- 4.1. Simple theory for the bending of a concrete beam
- 4.2. Shear force and bending moment distribution in walls.
- 4.3. Longitudinal and shear reinforcement
- 4.4. Design, detailing and construction of reinforced concrete
- 4.5. Analysis and design of underground structures
Design and Construction of Underground Space (2L)
REFERENCES
1) BOLTON, M. GUIDE TO SOIL MECHANICS
(2) POWRIE, W. SOIL MECHANICS - CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
(3) KONG, F.K. & EVANS, R.H. REINFORCED AND PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Part IB Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S3
Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 16/05/2019 12:33
Engineering Tripos Part IB, 2P8: Civil and Structural Engineering, 2018-19
Lecturers
Dr Vigianni
Lecturers
Dr Foster
Timing and Structure
Weeks 1-4 Easter Term. 14 lectures + 2 examples classes, 4 lectures/week
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Act as a shop window for the techniques and technologies of civil engineering seen as a practical and scientific discipline.
- Create interest in the design and construction of underground facilities, with illustrations from recent schemes, and in so doing highlight the role of the professional.
- Introduce the materials of underground construction: soil, and reinforced concrete.
- Introduce the principles of soil mechanics, and to demonstrate their application to the design of structures underground.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Select a method of underground construction which will be appropriate to some specified set of ground conditions.
- Relate soil voids ratio to its bulk density, and calculate vertical stresses.
- Interpret tests to determine the strength of soils, so as to obtain appropriate "undrained" (single-phase) or "drained" (dual-phase) parameters.
- Use Mohr circles of stress to calculate the possible bounds to the lateral earth pressure: "active" (minimal) and "passive" (maximal).
- Use active and passive pressures to dimension satisfactory earth retaining walls, and calculate shear forces and bending moments.
- Calculate the design flexural strength of reinforced concrete sections, using appropriate material properties.
- Outline the internal stress-distribution in reinforced concrete walls, and make proposals for shear reinforcement.
- Discuss the detailing of reinforced concrete retaining walls constructed in various ways.
- Discuss the factors influencing design and construction of bored tunnels in urban areas.
- Illustrate the handling of uncertainty and risk in construction underground.
Content
Granular Materials (3L)
References: (1) 1-26, 63-79, 93-96; (2) 1-30, 46-64, 165-170
- 1.1. Geology, rock, soil
- 1.2. Pores & water, density, geostatic stresses
- 1.3. Effective stress and pore water pressure
- 1.4. Strength in shear and compression
- 1.5. Effective internal friction, dilatancy, critical state
- 1.6. Tests for the shear strength of soils: shear box, triaxal
Earth Pressures (3L)
References: (1) 272-284, 295-307; (2) 243-250
- 2.1. Earth pressure and thrust on retaining walls
- 2.2. Coulomb's kinematical method using wedge mechanisms
- 2.3. Rankine's statical method using Mohr's circles of stress
- 2.4. Active and passive limits to possible earth pressures
- 2.5. The influence of water in sands and clays
- 2.6. Drained and undrained soil behaviour
Geotechnical Design of Underground Space (3L)
References (1) 357-376, 409-430; (2) 233-242, 269-271, 341-375
- 3.1. Site investigation and ground characterisation
- 3.2. Permissible soil strength, design earth pressures
- 3.3. Designing a retaining wall: stability and equilibrium, factors of safety
- 3.4. Cut and cover, and top-down construction of reinforced concrete, case histories.
- 3.5. Tunnelling: design and construction
- 3.6. Tunnelling: stability, ground movements, case histories.
Reinforced Concrete (3L)
References: (3) 1-2, 18-28, 85-119
- 4.1. Simple theory for the bending of a concrete beam
- 4.2. Shear force and bending moment distribution in walls.
- 4.3. Longitudinal and shear reinforcement
- 4.4. Design, detailing and construction of reinforced concrete
- 4.5. Analysis and design of underground structures
Design and Construction of Underground Space (2L)
REFERENCES
1) BOLTON, M. GUIDE TO SOIL MECHANICS
(2) POWRIE, W. SOIL MECHANICS - CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
(3) KONG, F.K. & EVANS, R.H. REINFORCED AND PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Part IB Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S3
Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 10/09/2018 08:24
Engineering Tripos Part IB, 2P8: Mechanical Engineering, 2021-22
Course Leader
Lecturers
Prof H Hunt, Dr T Flack, Prof M Sutcliffe, Dr H Shercliff
Timing and Structure
Lent Term: 14 lectures + 2 examples classes, 4 lectures/week
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Describe systematic methods for assessing the sustainability of wind energy and other renewable energy systems.
- Analyse the aerodynamics and structural loading of wind turbine blades, the choice of materials, and the effect of scale.
- Analyse the mechanical and electrical aspects of wind turbine machinery.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Summarise the technical, social, environmental and economic challenges to consider in assessment of the sustainability of renewable energy systems.
- Make quantitative estimates relating to materials, energy and environmental aspects of a renewable energy technology.
- Analyse the aerodynamic loads on a wind turbine blade.
- Calculate the energy capture potential of a wind turbine.
- Follow an appropriate methodology for preliminary structural design and material selection for wind turbine blades.
- Make a realistic fatigue lifetime prediction for blade structures.
- Select materials and perform structural optimisation for towers and turbine blades.
- Analyse epicyclic and parallel gearboxes as applied to wind turbine generators.
- Undertake a simple modal analysis of a wind turbine.
- Outline principle sources of noise generation in wind turbines.
- Understand how the electrical power generator rating is chosen and the implication for turbine/generator control,annual energy production and system payback period.
- Know the main electrical technologies that are used, their advantages and disadvantages, with reference to the implications for the need for a gearbox, fixed vs variable speed operation and power electronic convertors for interfacing to the 3-phase grid.
- Understand how the induction motor theory taught in the Lent Term may be extended to induction generators.
Content
Overview of renewable energy systems (1L, Prof HEM Hunt)
- Renewable energy technologies: wind, hydro, solar, tidal; development status in UK, EU, worldwide. (2) Chap. 5
Sustainable development: materials and renewable energy systems (1L, Dr HR Shercliff)
- Five-step methodology for assessment of sustainability of a technological development
- Application to wind turbines, focussing on materials supply, energy payback and environmental issues.
Fundamentals of wind turbine design (1L, Prof H Hunt)
- Fundamental fluid mechanics limits to energy generating potential, including derivation of Betz limit, influence of size and height, estimates of wind loading, capacity factor.
Wind turbine loading (3L, Prof M Sutcliffe)
- Aerofoil aerodynamics
- Blade element momentum theory
- Centrifugal loading
- Self weight loading
Structural design and material selection for wind turbines (3L, Prof MPF Sutcliffe)
- Scaling effects
- Material performance indices
- Shape optimization
- Composite blades
Mechanics of wind turbines (2L, Prof MPF Sutcliffe)
- Gearbox design: epicyclic and parallel drives, velocity ratios and tooth force calculations
- Vibration modelling and modal analysis.
- Noise and vibration.
Power generation in wind turbines (2L, Dr T Flack)
- Electrical challenges of generating electricity from wind energy- contrast with conventional fossil fuel generation met in the Lent Term
- Generator rating in terms of volume and rotational speed.
- Need for gearbox - the electrical perspective.
- Choice of generator rating by considering output electrical power vs wind speed, annual energy production, payback period.
- Generator technologies and their advantages and disadvantages
- (i) Implications for gearbox.
- (ii) Implications for fixed or variable speed operation.(iii) Implications for power electronic convertors and interfacing to the 3-phase grid.
- Extension of induction motor theory met in the Lent Term to induction generators.
- Simple output power and reactive power calculations.
- Slip energy recovery and variable speed operation.
Guest lecture (1L, Dr HEM Hunt)
- Engineering the climate - can we refreeze the Arctic?
Examples papers
- Global warming and carbon footprints. Sustainability of wind energy. Wind power fundamentals. Wind turbine aerodynamics and loading.
- Manufacturing. Materials. Fatigue. Mechanics. Electrical Power
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S3
Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 03/04/2022 18:09
Engineering Tripos Part IB, 2P8: Mechanical Engineering, 2017-18
Lecturers
Prof M Sutcliffe, Dr J Cullen, Dr T Flack, Dr H Shercliff and Dr H Hunt
Timing and Structure
Lent Term: 14 lectures + 2 examples classes, 4 lectures/week
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- Describe systematic methods for assessing the sustainability of wind energy and other renewable energy systems.
- Analyse the aerodynamics and structural loading of wind turbine blades, the choice of materials, and the effect of scale.
- Analyse the mechanical and electrical aspects of wind turbine machinery.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Summarise the technical, social, environmental and economic challenges to consider in assessment of the sustainability of renewable energy systems.
- Make quantitative estimates relating to materials, energy and environmental aspects of a renewable energy technology.
- Analyse the aerodynamic loads on a wind turbine blade.
- Calculate the energy capture potential of a wind turbine.
- Follow an appropriate methodology for preliminary structural design and material selection for wind turbine blades.
- Make a realistic fatigue lifetime prediction for blade structures.
- Select materials and perform structural optimisation for towers and turbine blades.
- Analyse epicyclic and parallel gearboxes as applied to wind turbine generators.
- Undertake a simple modal analysis of a wind turbine.
- Outline principle sources of noise generation in wind turbines.
- Understand how the electrical power generator rating is chosen and the implication for turbine/generator control,annual energy production and system payback period.
- Know the main electrical technologies that are used, their advantages and disadvantages, with reference to the implications for the need for a gearbox, fixed vs variable speed operation and power electronic convertors for interfacing to the 3-phase grid.
- Understand how the induction motor theory taught in the Lent Term may be extended to induction generators.
Content
Overview of renewable energy systems (1L, Dr HEM Hunt)
- Renewable energy technologies: wind, hydro, solar, tidal; development status in UK, EU, worldwide. (2) Chap. 5
Sustainable development: materials and renewable energy systems (1L, Dr HR Shercliff)
- Five-step methodology for assessment of sustainability of a technological development
- Application to wind turbines, focussing on materials supply, energy payback and environmental issues.
Fundamentals of wind turbine design (1L, Dr HEM Hunt)
- Fundamental fluid mechanics limits to energy generating potential, including derivation of Betz limit, influence of size and height, estimates of wind loading, capacity factor.
Wind turbine loading (3L, Dr. JM Cullen)
- Aerofoil aerodynamics
- Blade element momentum theory
- Centrifugal loading
- Self weight loading
Structural design and material selection for wind turbines (3L, Prof MPF Sutcliffe)
- Scaling effects
- Material performance indices
- Shape optimization
- Composite blades
Mechanics of wind turbines (2L, Prof MPF Sutcliffe)
- Gearbox design: epicyclic and parallel drives, velocity ratios and tooth force calculations
- Vibration modelling and modal analysis.
- Noise and vibration.
Power generation in wind turbines (2L, Dr T Flack)
- Electrical challenges of generating electricity from wind energy- contrast with conventional fossil fuel generation met in the Lent Term
- Generator rating in terms of volume and rotational speed.
- Need for gearbox - the electrical perspective.
- Choice of generator rating by considering output electrical power vs wind speed, annual energy production, payback period.
- Generator technologies and their advantages and disadvantages
- (i) Implications for gearbox.
- (ii) Implications for fixed or variable speed operation.(iii) Implications for power electronic convertors and interfacing to the 3-phase grid.
- Extension of induction motor theory met in the Lent Term to induction generators.
- Simple output power and reactive power calculations.
- Slip energy recovery and variable speed operation.
Guest lecture (1L, Mike Wastling,Evance Wind)
- Small-scale wind energy or Large-scale wind energy
Examples papers
- Global warming and carbon footprints. Sustainability of wind energy. Wind power fundamentals. Wind turbine aerodynamics and loading.
- Manufacturing. Materials. Fatigue. Mechanics. Electrical Power
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Part IB Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA3
Comprehend the broad picture and thus work with an appropriate level of detail.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D3
Identify and manage cost drivers.
S1
The ability to make general evaluations of commercial risks through some understanding of the basis of such risks.
S3
Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P5
Awareness of nature of intellectual property and contractual issues.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 13/04/2018 10:08
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