Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A13: Combustion & IC Engines, 2018-19
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof N Swaminathan and Prof E Mastorakos/Prof G Kalghatgi
Timing and Structure
Lent term. 16 lectures, including 2 examples classes. Assessment: 100% exam
Prerequisites
3A5, 3A6 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce students to fundamental combustion concepts, and their influence on internal combustion engine preformance and emissions.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- Understand fundamental concepts in combustion
- Understand combustion issues particularly relvant to gas turbines
- Understand the performance and efficiency characteristics of IC engines
- Understand the formation and aftertreatment of pollutants in IC engines, and tradeoffs with performance
Content
Chemical thermodynamics and equilibrium (1L)
Conservation laws for multicomponent mixture, multispecies equilibrium and calculation method
Chemical kinetics (1L)
Principles of chemical kinetics – law of mass action, activation energy, order & degree of a reaction, hydrocarbon reaction chains , pollutant formation multistep reactions, chemical explosion, chemistry reduction using steady state and partial equilibrium approximations
Applications of chemical kinetics: limit reators (1L)
Common approximations used in combustion analysis – perfectly stirred reactor, plug flow reactor, thermal explosions, autoignition & spark ignition
Laminar premixed flames (1L)
Concepts and measurements, conservation equations in one and multiple dimensions, characteristic time and space scales, Zeldovich number, solution for 1D flame, flame speed and its dependence on mixture composition, temperature and pressure
Laminar non-premixed flames (1L)
Mixture fraction concept and its physical significance, conserved scalar approach, state relationship, simple solution for diffusion flame, droplet combustion as an example for diffusion flame
Pollution from Combustion (1L)
Nature of pollution emitted by combustion and its effect on environment & human health, features of pollution generation chemistry, typical techniques used for emission reduction
Turbulent Combustion (1L)
A brief introduction to turbulent combustion, its importance, applications, and scientific methods used to study turbulent combustion
Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines (1L)
Types of engines – Spark Ignition Engines, Diesel Engines, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines; Thermodynamic cycles and Efficiency; Emissions control
Outlook for Energy and Transport (1L)
Transport energy outlook – drivers for change, prospects for alternatives to internal combustion engines and conventional fuels, challenges of full electrification, importance of internal combustion engines and the necessity and potential for improving them
Practical Transport Fuels (1L)
Composition, properties, manufacturing, & specifications
Deposits in Engines and Fuel Additives (1L)
Fuel system, intake system and combustion chamber deposits in SI engines, diesel injector deposits in diesel engines, mechanisms of formation, effects on engine performance and operation, controlling methods
Fuel Anti-Knock Quality and Knock in SI Engines (1L)
Knock and SI engine performance, fuel antiknock quality, RON, MON and octane index, lessons learnt from HCCI studies, future fuel requirements
Insights into knock onset, knock intensity, superknock and preignition (1L)
Knock fundamentals, ignition delay and Livengood-Wu integral, stochastic nature of knock, knock intensity, developing detonation and superknock, difference between preignition and superknock, application of fundamental insights to practical understanding
Fuel effects in compression ignition engines (1L)
Particulate/NOx control and ignition delay, Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) engines, fuel effects, advantages, challenges and prospects for GCI, dual fuel approaches to low NOx/low soot combustion
Evolution of future transport energy and implications for future fuels (1L)
Summary of previous 7 lectures. Future fuels and engines
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Group A Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
Last modified: 19/03/2019 14:43
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A12: Turbulence & Vortex Dynamics, 2023-24
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof E Mastorakos and Dr J Li
Timing and Structure
Lent term. 16 lectures (including examples classes). Assessment: 100% exam.
Prerequisites
3A1 assumed; 3A3 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce the physical basis of turbulence as well as its practical implications for engineers; turbulence is a common feature of fluid flows in the atmosphere and the ocean, in aerodynamics and in chemically-reacting flows such as combustion.
- introduce the basic rules of vortex dynamics, which is identified as controlling energy transfers between different scales in a turbulent flow.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be aware of the turbulent nature of most flows of interest to engineers and its influence on the transfer processes involving momentum, heat and mass.
- interpret fluid motion in terms of the creation and transport of vorticity.
- understand energy transfer between mean flow and turbulent fluctuations (Reynolds stresses).
- understand energy transfer between the different scales of turbulence and the mechanism of dissipation.
- be aware of the more common phenomenological models of turbulence currently used by engineers and of their underlying assumptions and limitations.
Content
Turbulence and Vortex Dynamics (16L)
- Introduction to turbulence: Pictures of turbulence. Universality of turbulence in flows as the final result of instabilities. Engineering consequences.
- Some simple illustrations of vortex dynamics: The persistence of rotation (angular momentum) in flows. Another description of fluid dynamics: the vorticity equation. Lift and induced motion, with application to aerodynamics and hovering insects. Swirling flows with application to tornadoes, hurricanes and tidal vortices.
- Basic concepts in turbulence theory: Order from chaos - Reynolds decomposition and Reynolds equation. Kinetic energy - Production and Dissipation. Introduction to the different scales in Turbulence, from the integral scale to Kolmogorov's micro-scale. Wall-bounded shear flows. Vortex dynamics at work at the large and small scales (worms).
- Phenomenological models of turbulence: Prandlt's Mixing length and k - e model: their assumptions and limitations. Other models. What can be expected from these turbulence models in terms of velocity and heat transfer.
- Current trends in industrial fluid mechanics.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 13/11/2023 20:19
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A12: Turbulence & Vortex Dynamics, 2021-22
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof E Mastorakos and Prof P Davidson
Timing and Structure
Lent term. 16 lectures (including examples classes). Assessment: 100% exam. NOTE: The first 8 lectures will be delivered online.
Prerequisites
3A1 assumed; 3A3 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce the physical basis of turbulence as well as its practical implications for engineers; turbulence is a common feature of fluid flows in the atmosphere and the ocean, in aerodynamics and in chemically-reacting flows such as combustion.
- introduce the basic rules of vortex dynamics, which is identified as controlling energy transfers between different scales in a turbulent flow.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be aware of the turbulent nature of most flows of interest to engineers and its influence on the transfer processes involving momentum, heat and mass.
- interpret fluid motion in terms of the creation and transport of vorticity.
- understand energy transfer between mean flow and turbulent fluctuations (Reynolds stresses).
- understand energy transfer between the different scales of turbulence and the mechanism of dissipation.
- be aware of the more common phenomenological models of turbulence currently used by engineers and of their underlying assumptions and limitations.
Content
Turbulence and Vortex Dynamics (16L)
- Introduction to turbulence: Pictures of turbulence. Universality of turbulence in flows as the final result of instabilities. Engineering consequences.
- Some simple illustrations of vortex dynamics: The persistence of rotation (angular momentum) in flows. Another description of fluid dynamics: the vorticity equation. Lift and induced motion, with application to aerodynamics and hovering insects. Swirling flows with application to tornadoes, hurricanes and tidal vortices.
- Basic concepts in turbulence theory: Order from chaos - Reynolds decomposition and Reynolds equation. Kinetic energy - Production and Dissipation. Introduction to the different scales in Turbulence, from the integral scale to Kolmogorov's micro-scale. Wall-bounded shear flows. Vortex dynamics at work at the large and small scales (worms).
- Phenomenological models of turbulence: Prandlt's Mixing length and k - e model: their assumptions and limitations. Other models. What can be expected from these turbulence models in terms of velocity and heat transfer.
- Current trends in industrial fluid mechanics.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 17/01/2022 10:14
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A12: Turbulence & Vortex Dynamics, 2024-25
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof E Mastorakos and Dr J Li
Timing and Structure
Lent term. 16 lectures (including examples classes). Assessment: 100% exam.
Prerequisites
3A1 assumed; 3A3 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce the physical basis of turbulence as well as its practical implications for engineers; turbulence is a common feature of fluid flows in the atmosphere and the ocean, in aerodynamics and in chemically-reacting flows such as combustion.
- introduce the basic rules of vortex dynamics, which is identified as controlling energy transfers between different scales in a turbulent flow.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be aware of the turbulent nature of most flows of interest to engineers and its influence on the transfer processes involving momentum, heat and mass.
- interpret fluid motion in terms of the creation and transport of vorticity.
- understand energy transfer between mean flow and turbulent fluctuations (Reynolds stresses).
- understand energy transfer between the different scales of turbulence and the mechanism of dissipation.
- be aware of the more common phenomenological models of turbulence currently used by engineers and of their underlying assumptions and limitations.
Content
Turbulence and Vortex Dynamics (16L)
- Introduction to turbulence: Pictures of turbulence. Universality of turbulence in flows as the final result of instabilities. Engineering consequences.
- Some simple illustrations of vortex dynamics: The persistence of rotation (angular momentum) in flows. Another description of fluid dynamics: the vorticity equation. Lift and induced motion, with application to aerodynamics and hovering insects. Swirling flows with application to tornadoes, hurricanes and tidal vortices.
- Basic concepts in turbulence theory: Order from chaos - Reynolds decomposition and Reynolds equation. Kinetic energy - Production and Dissipation. Introduction to the different scales in Turbulence, from the integral scale to Kolmogorov's micro-scale. Wall-bounded shear flows. Vortex dynamics at work at the large and small scales (worms).
- Phenomenological models of turbulence: Prandlt's Mixing length and k - e model: their assumptions and limitations. Other models. What can be expected from these turbulence models in terms of velocity and heat transfer.
- Current trends in industrial fluid mechanics.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 31/05/2024 09:57
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A12: Turbulence & Vortex Dynamics, 2020-21
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof E Mastorakos and Prof P Davidson
Timing and Structure
Michaelmas term. 16 lectures (including examples classes). Assessment: 100% exam
Prerequisites
3A1 assumed; 3A3 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce the physical basis of turbulence as well as its practical implications for engineers; turbulence is a common feature of fluid flows in the atmosphere and the ocean, in aerodynamics and in chemically-reacting flows such as combustion.
- introduce the basic rules of vortex dynamics, which is identified as controlling energy transfers between different scales in a turbulent flow.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be aware of the turbulent nature of most flows of interest to engineers and its influence on the transfer processes involving momentum, heat and mass.
- interpret fluid motion in terms of the creation and transport of vorticity.
- understand energy transfer between mean flow and turbulent fluctuations (Reynolds stresses).
- understand energy transfer between the different scales of turbulence and the mechanism of dissipation.
- be aware of the more common phenomenological models of turbulence currently used by engineers and of their underlying assumptions and limitations.
Content
Turbulence and Vortex Dynamics (16L)
- Introduction to turbulence: Pictures of turbulence. Universality of turbulence in flows as the final result of instabilities. Engineering consequences.
- Some simple illustrations of vortex dynamics: The persistence of rotation (angular momentum) in flows. Another description of fluid dynamics: the vorticity equation. Lift and induced motion, with application to aerodynamics and hovering insects. Swirling flows with application to tornadoes, hurricanes and tidal vortices.
- Basic concepts in turbulence theory: Order from chaos - Reynolds decomposition and Reynolds equation. Kinetic energy - Production and Dissipation. Introduction to the different scales in Turbulence, from the integral scale to Kolmogorov's micro-scale. Wall-bounded shear flows. Vortex dynamics at work at the large and small scales (worms).
- Phenomenological models of turbulence: Prandlt's Mixing length and k - e model: their assumptions and limitations. Other models. What can be expected from these turbulence models in terms of velocity and heat transfer.
- Current trends in industrial fluid mechanics.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 01/09/2020 10:24
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A12: Turbulence & Vortex Dynamics, 2018-19
Leader
Lecturers
Prof E Mastorakos and Prof P Davidson
Timing and Structure
Lent term. 16 lectures (including examples classes). Assessment: 100% exam
Prerequisites
3A1 assumed; 3A3 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce the physical basis of turbulence as well as its practical implications for engineers; turbulence is a common feature of fluid flows in the atmosphere and the ocean, in aerodynamics and in chemically-reacting flows such as combustion.
- introduce the basic rules of vortex dynamics, which is identified as controlling energy transfers between different scales in a turbulent flow.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be aware of the turbulent nature of most flows of interest to engineers and its influence on the transfer processes involving momentum, heat and mass.
- interpret fluid motion in terms of the creation and transport of vorticity.
- understand energy transfer between mean flow and turbulent fluctuations (Reynolds stresses).
- understand energy transfer between the different scales of turbulence and the mechanism of dissipation.
- be aware of the more common phenomenological models of turbulence currently used by engineers and of their underlying assumptions and limitations.
Content
Turbulence and Vortex Dynamics (16L)
- Introduction to turbulence: Pictures of turbulence. Universality of turbulence in flows as the final result of instabilities. Engineering consequences.
- Some simple illustrations of vortex dynamics: The persistence of rotation (angular momentum) in flows. Another description of fluid dynamics: the vorticity equation. Lift and induced motion, with application to aerodynamics and hovering insects. Swirling flows with application to tornadoes, hurricanes and tidal vortices.
- Basic concepts in turbulence theory: Order from chaos - Reynolds decomposition and Reynolds equation. Kinetic energy - Production and Dissipation. Introduction to the different scales in Turbulence, from the integral scale to Kolmogorov's micro-scale. Wall-bounded shear flows. Vortex dynamics at work at the large and small scales (worms).
- Phenomenological models of turbulence: Prandlt's Mixing length and k - e model: their assumptions and limitations. Other models. What can be expected from these turbulence models in terms of velocity and heat transfer.
- Current trends in industrial fluid mechanics.
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Group A Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 17/05/2018 13:27
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A12: Turbulence & Vortex Dynamics, 2022-23
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof E Mastorakos and Prof P Davidson
Timing and Structure
Lent term. 16 lectures (including examples classes). Assessment: 100% exam. NOTE: The first 8 lectures will be delivered online.
Prerequisites
3A1 assumed; 3A3 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce the physical basis of turbulence as well as its practical implications for engineers; turbulence is a common feature of fluid flows in the atmosphere and the ocean, in aerodynamics and in chemically-reacting flows such as combustion.
- introduce the basic rules of vortex dynamics, which is identified as controlling energy transfers between different scales in a turbulent flow.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be aware of the turbulent nature of most flows of interest to engineers and its influence on the transfer processes involving momentum, heat and mass.
- interpret fluid motion in terms of the creation and transport of vorticity.
- understand energy transfer between mean flow and turbulent fluctuations (Reynolds stresses).
- understand energy transfer between the different scales of turbulence and the mechanism of dissipation.
- be aware of the more common phenomenological models of turbulence currently used by engineers and of their underlying assumptions and limitations.
Content
Turbulence and Vortex Dynamics (16L)
- Introduction to turbulence: Pictures of turbulence. Universality of turbulence in flows as the final result of instabilities. Engineering consequences.
- Some simple illustrations of vortex dynamics: The persistence of rotation (angular momentum) in flows. Another description of fluid dynamics: the vorticity equation. Lift and induced motion, with application to aerodynamics and hovering insects. Swirling flows with application to tornadoes, hurricanes and tidal vortices.
- Basic concepts in turbulence theory: Order from chaos - Reynolds decomposition and Reynolds equation. Kinetic energy - Production and Dissipation. Introduction to the different scales in Turbulence, from the integral scale to Kolmogorov's micro-scale. Wall-bounded shear flows. Vortex dynamics at work at the large and small scales (worms).
- Phenomenological models of turbulence: Prandlt's Mixing length and k - e model: their assumptions and limitations. Other models. What can be expected from these turbulence models in terms of velocity and heat transfer.
- Current trends in industrial fluid mechanics.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 08/02/2023 17:17
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A12: Turbulence & Vortex Dynamics, 2017-18
Leader
Lecturers
Prof E Mastorakos and Prof P Davidson
Timing and Structure
Lent term. 16 lectures (including examples classes). Assessment: 100% exam
Prerequisites
3A1 assumed; 3A3 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce the physical basis of turbulence as well as its practical implications for engineers; turbulence is a common feature of fluid flows in the atmosphere and the ocean, in aerodynamics and in chemically-reacting flows such as combustion.
- introduce the basic rules of vortex dynamics, which is identified as controlling energy transfers between different scales in a turbulent flow.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be aware of the turbulent nature of most flows of interest to engineers and its influence on the transfer processes involving momentum, heat and mass.
- interpret fluid motion in terms of the creation and transport of vorticity.
- understand energy transfer between mean flow and turbulent fluctuations (Reynolds stresses).
- understand energy transfer between the different scales of turbulence and the mechanism of dissipation.
- be aware of the more common phenomenological models of turbulence currently used by engineers and of their underlying assumptions and limitations.
Content
Turbulence and Vortex Dynamics (16L)
- Introduction to turbulence: Pictures of turbulence. Universality of turbulence in flows as the final result of instabilities. Engineering consequences.
- Some simple illustrations of vortex dynamics: The persistence of rotation (angular momentum) in flows. Another description of fluid dynamics: the vorticity equation. Lift and induced motion, with application to aerodynamics and hovering insects. Swirling flows with application to tornadoes, hurricanes and tidal vortices.
- Basic concepts in turbulence theory: Order from chaos - Reynolds decomposition and Reynolds equation. Kinetic energy - Production and Dissipation. Introduction to the different scales in Turbulence, from the integral scale to Kolmogorov's micro-scale. Wall-bounded shear flows. Vortex dynamics at work at the large and small scales (worms).
- Phenomenological models of turbulence: Prandlt's Mixing length and k - e model: their assumptions and limitations. Other models. What can be expected from these turbulence models in terms of velocity and heat transfer.
- Current trends in industrial fluid mechanics.
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Group A Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 03/08/2017 16:05
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A12: Turbulence & Vortex Dynamics, 2025-26
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof E Mastorakos and Dr J Li
Timing and Structure
Michaelmas term. 16 lectures (including examples classes). Assessment: 100% exam.
Prerequisites
3A1 assumed; 3A3 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce the physical basis of turbulence as well as its practical implications for engineers; turbulence is a common feature of fluid flows in the atmosphere and the ocean, in aerodynamics and in chemically-reacting flows such as combustion.
- introduce the basic rules of vortex dynamics, which is identified as controlling energy transfers between different scales in a turbulent flow.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be aware of the turbulent nature of most flows of interest to engineers and its influence on the transfer processes involving momentum, heat and mass.
- interpret fluid motion in terms of the creation and transport of vorticity.
- understand energy transfer between mean flow and turbulent fluctuations (Reynolds stresses).
- understand energy transfer between the different scales of turbulence and the mechanism of dissipation.
- be aware of the more common phenomenological models of turbulence currently used by engineers and of their underlying assumptions and limitations.
Content
Turbulence and Vortex Dynamics (16L)
- Introduction to turbulence: Pictures of turbulence. Universality of turbulence in flows as the final result of instabilities. Engineering consequences.
- Some simple illustrations of vortex dynamics: The persistence of rotation (angular momentum) in flows. Another description of fluid dynamics: the vorticity equation. Lift and induced motion, with application to aerodynamics and hovering insects. Swirling flows with application to tornadoes, hurricanes and tidal vortices.
- Basic concepts in turbulence theory: Order from chaos - Reynolds decomposition and Reynolds equation. Kinetic energy - Production and Dissipation. Introduction to the different scales in Turbulence, from the integral scale to Kolmogorov's micro-scale. Wall-bounded shear flows. Vortex dynamics at work at the large and small scales (worms).
- Phenomenological models of turbulence: Prandlt's Mixing length and k - e model: their assumptions and limitations. Other models. What can be expected from these turbulence models in terms of velocity and heat transfer.
- Current trends in industrial fluid mechanics.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 04/06/2025 13:24
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A12: Turbulence & Vortex Dynamics, 2019-20
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof E Mastorakos and Prof P Davidson
Timing and Structure
Lent term. 16 lectures (including examples classes). Assessment: 100% exam
Prerequisites
3A1 assumed; 3A3 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce the physical basis of turbulence as well as its practical implications for engineers; turbulence is a common feature of fluid flows in the atmosphere and the ocean, in aerodynamics and in chemically-reacting flows such as combustion.
- introduce the basic rules of vortex dynamics, which is identified as controlling energy transfers between different scales in a turbulent flow.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be aware of the turbulent nature of most flows of interest to engineers and its influence on the transfer processes involving momentum, heat and mass.
- interpret fluid motion in terms of the creation and transport of vorticity.
- understand energy transfer between mean flow and turbulent fluctuations (Reynolds stresses).
- understand energy transfer between the different scales of turbulence and the mechanism of dissipation.
- be aware of the more common phenomenological models of turbulence currently used by engineers and of their underlying assumptions and limitations.
Content
Turbulence and Vortex Dynamics (16L)
- Introduction to turbulence: Pictures of turbulence. Universality of turbulence in flows as the final result of instabilities. Engineering consequences.
- Some simple illustrations of vortex dynamics: The persistence of rotation (angular momentum) in flows. Another description of fluid dynamics: the vorticity equation. Lift and induced motion, with application to aerodynamics and hovering insects. Swirling flows with application to tornadoes, hurricanes and tidal vortices.
- Basic concepts in turbulence theory: Order from chaos - Reynolds decomposition and Reynolds equation. Kinetic energy - Production and Dissipation. Introduction to the different scales in Turbulence, from the integral scale to Kolmogorov's micro-scale. Wall-bounded shear flows. Vortex dynamics at work at the large and small scales (worms).
- Phenomenological models of turbulence: Prandlt's Mixing length and k - e model: their assumptions and limitations. Other models. What can be expected from these turbulence models in terms of velocity and heat transfer.
- Current trends in industrial fluid mechanics.
Booklists
Please see the Booklist for Group A Courses for references for this module.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 23/05/2019 15:52
Pages
