Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Introduce the material properties and failure mechanisms most relevant to mechanical design and engineering applications.
• Relate properties to atomic, molecular and microstructural features, using appropriate mathematical models.
• Enable analysis of material performance in mechanical design, including strategies for material and process selection

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Define the main mechanical properties of materials and how they are measured experimentally, and use them in design for stiffness and avoidance of failure
• Analyse the stress-strain response of simple geometries under uniform mechanical and thermal loads, distinguishing between true and nominal stress and strain
• Describe the atomic and microstructural characteristics which control the mechanical properties of engineering materials, and to interpret material property charts
• Describe and interpret simple concepts of atomic bonding, packing and crystallography of materials, including first principles estimates of density
• Explain briefly the origin of the elastic modulus for each class of engineering materials (metals, ceramics, polymers) and analyse the moduli of composites
• Describe the mechanisms for plastic flow in metals, and the ways in which the strength can be enhanced via composition and processing
• Understand and apply a systematic strategy for materials selection for a given component, using material property charts (e.g. stiffness and strength of beams at minimum weight)
• Choose primary shaping process from process attribute charts, and estimate the cost of manufacture for batch processing
• Understand the environmental impact of materials in the life cycle of products
• Describe the mechanisms of fracture and fatigue in each class of engineering materials
• Apply fracture mechanics analysis to design against fracture in metals, and Weibull failure statistics for design in ceramics
• Describe and model fatigue failure in design with metals
• Analyse the visco-elastic response of polymers, for both static and cyclic loading
• Briefly describe the mechanisms of friction and wear in engineering

Content

Introduction (1L, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

Classes of engineering materials and their applications; material properties in design. (1) Chap. 1,2; (2) Chap. 30; (3) Chap. 27

Introductory Solid Mechanics: Elastic and Plastic Properties of Materials (2L [1 online-only], Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Introductory solid mechanics (online-only): elasticity/plasticity in design and manufacture; elastic and plastic properties: definition and measurement - Young's modulus, yield strength, tensile strength, ductility and hardness; mechanical property data and material property charts;  Hooke's Law and 3D stress-strain;  nominal and true stress and strain. (1) Chap. 4,6; (2) Chap. 3,7,8,11,12,31; (3) Chap. 4-6; (4) Chap. 7
• Analysis of stress and strain: constrained deformation, thermal stress. (1) Chap. 4,12; (2) Chap. 3; (4) Chap. 7

Microstructural Origin and Manipulation of Material Properties (4L + online "Guided Learning Unit", Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Introduction to microstructure and crystallography, and physical basis of density (online "teach yourself" Guided Learning Unit).  (1) Ch 4, GLU1.
• Physical basis of elastic modulus: atomic/molecular structure and bonding. (1) Chap. 4; (2) Chap. 4-6; (4) Chap. 2-4
• Microstructual origin and manipulation of elastic properties: foams and composites. (1) Chap. 4; (2) Chap. 6
• Physical basis of plasticity and yielding: ideal strength, dislocations in metals; failure of polymers. (1) Chap. 6; (2) Chap. 9; (4) Chap. 8
• Microstructural orgin and manipulating plastic properties: strengthening mechanisms in metals. (1) Chap. 6,19; (2) Chap. 10; (4) Chap. 8,12
• Overview of microstructural length-scales. (1) 4th edn, App C

Materials in Design: Material and Process Selection, and Environmental Impact of Materials (1L + 3 online-only, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Environmental impact and life cycle analysis of materials. (1) Chap. 20
• Material selection in design; stiffness-limited and strength-limited component design (online-only). (1) Chap. 2,3,5,7; (2) Chap. 3,7; (4) Chap. 7
• Further material selection:  effect of shape, and multiple constraints (online-only).  (1) Chap. 5,7
• Selection of manufacturing process and cost estimation for batch processes (online-only). (1) Chap. 18

Fracture and Fatigue of Materials (4L, Prof A.E. Markaki)

• Toughness, fracture toughness and fatigue fracture.
• Micromechanisms of brittle and ductile fracture, and of fatigue, in metals.
• Analysis of fracture and fatigue in design.
• Weibull statistics for ceramic fracture.

         (1) Chap. 8-10; (2) Chap. 13-19; (3) Chap. 18,23; (4) Chap. 9

Viscoelasticity and Wear of Materials (4L, Prof S Huang)

• Constitutive modelling of materials deformation.
• Elasticity and viscoelasticity.
• Case studies.
• Micromechanisms of friction and wear in materials.

         (1) Chap. 11

REFERENCES

(1) ASHBY, M., SHERCLIFF, H. & CEBON, D. MATERIALS: ENGINEERING, SCIENCE, PROCESSING AND DESIGN (3rd or 4th edition)
(2) ASHBY, M.F. & JONES, D.R.H ENGINEERING MATERIALS 1
(3) ASHBY, M.F. & JONES, D.R.H ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2
(4) CALLISTER, W.D. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING: AN INTRODUCTION

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 22/11/2022 14:53

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Introduce the material properties and failure mechanisms most relevant to mechanical design and engineering applications.
• Relate properties to atomic, molecular and microstructural features, using appropriate mathematical models.
• Enable analysis of material performance in mechanical design, including strategies for material and process selection

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand the purposes of modelling the elastic-plastic deformation responses of materials
• Define the main mechanical properties of materials and how they are measured experimentally
• Analyse the stress-strain response of simple geometries under uniform mechanical and thermal loads, distinguishing between true and nominal stress and strain
• Describe the atomic and microstructural characteristics which control the mechanical properties of engineering materials, and to interpret material property charts
• Explain briefly the origin of the elastic modulus for each class of engineering materials (metals, ceramics, polymers) and analyse the moduli of composites
• Describe the mechanisms for plastic flow in metals, and the ways in which the strength can be enhanced via composition and processing
• Understand a systematic strategy for materials selection for a given component, and use the Cambridge Engineering Selector software to find material data and select materials
• Choose materials from material property charts using simple calculations (e.g. stiffness and strength of beams at minimum weight)
• Choose primary shaping process from process attribute charts, and estimate the cost of manufacture for batch processing
• Understand the environmental impact of materials in the life cycle of products
• Describe the mechanisms of fracture and fatigue in each class of engineering materials
• Apply fracture mechanics analysis to design against fracture in metals, and Weibull failure statistics for design in ceramics
• Describe and model fatigue failure in design with metals
• Analyse the visco-elastic response of polymers, for both static and cyclic loading
• Briefly describe the mechanisms of friction and wear in engineering

Content

Introduction (1L, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

Classes of engineering materials and their applications; material properties and overview of microstructural length-scales. (1) Chap. 1,2; (2) Chap. 30; (3) Chap. 27

Introductory Solid Mechanics: Elastic and Plastic Properties of Materials (2L online + 1L, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Introductory solid mechanics (online / teach yourself): elasticity/plasticity in design and manufacture; elastic and plastic properties: definition and measurement - Young's modulus, yield strength, tensile strength, ductility and hardness; mechanical property data and material property charts;  Hooke's Law and 3D stress-strain;  nominal and true stress and strain. (1) Chap. 4,6; (2) Chap. 3,7,8,11,12,31; (3) Chap. 4-6; (4) Chap. 7
• Analysis of stress and strain: constrained deformation, thermal stress. (1) Chap. 4,12; (2) Chap. 3; (4) Chap. 7

Microstructural Origin and Manipulation of Material Properties (4L + online "Guided Learning Unit", Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Introduction to microstructure and crystallography (online "teach yourself" Guided Learning Unit).  (1) GLU1.
• Physical basis of elastic modulus and density: atomic/molecular structure and bonding. (1) Chap. 4; (2) Chap. 4-6; (4) Chap. 2-4
• Microstructual origin and manipulation of elastic properties: foams and composites. (1) Chap. 4; (2) Chap. 6
• Physical basis of plasticity and yielding: ideal strength, dislocations in metals; failure of polymers. (1) Chap. 6; (2) Chap. 9; (4) Chap. 8
• Microstructural orgin and manipulating plastic properties: strengthening mechanisms in metals. (1) Chap. 6,19; (2) Chap. 10; (4) Chap. 8,12

Material and Process Selection, and Environmental Impact in Design (2L + 2L online, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Material selection in design; stiffness-limited and strength-limited component design (online / teach yourself). (1) Chap. 2,3,5,7; (2) Chap. 3,7; (4) Chap. 7
• Further material selection:  effect of shape, and multiple constraints.  (1) Chap. 5,7
• Environmental impact and life cycle analysis of materials. (1) Chap. 20
• Selection of manufacturing process and cost estimation for batch processes (online / teach yourself). (1) Chap. 18

Fracture and Fatigue of Materials (4L, Dr A.E. Markaki)

• Toughness, fracture toughness and fatigue fracture.
• Micromechanisms of brittle and ductile fracture, and of fatigue, in metals.
• Analysis of fracture and fatigue in design.
• Weibull statistics for ceramic fracture.

         (1) Chap. 8-10; (2) Chap. 13-19; (3) Chap. 18,23; (4) Chap. 9

Viscoelasticity and Wear of Materials (4L, Dr S Huang)

• Constitutive modelling of materials deformation.
• Elasticity and viscoelasticity.
• Case studies.
• Micromechanisms of friction and wear in materials.

         (1) Chap. 11

REFERENCES

(1) ASHBY, M., SHERCLIFF, H. & CEBON, D. MATERIALS: ENGINEERING, SCIENCE, PROCESSING AND DESIGN (3rd or 4th edition)
(2) ASHBY, M.F. & JONES, D.R.H ENGINEERING MATERIALS 1
(3) ASHBY, M.F. & JONES, D.R.H ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2
(4) CALLISTER, W.D. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING: AN INTRODUCTION

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 26/08/2020 09:17

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Introduce the material properties and failure mechanisms most relevant to mechanical design and engineering applications.
• Relate properties to atomic, molecular and microstructural features, using appropriate mathematical models.
• Develop systematic strategies for material and process selection for a given component.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Describe the atomic and microstructural characteristics which control the important properties of engineering materials, and to interpret material property charts
• Explain briefly the origin of the elastic modulus for each class of engineering materials (metals, ceramics, polymers) and analyse the moduli of composites
• Understand the mechanisms for plastic flow in metals, and the ways in which the strength can be enhanced via the microstructure
• Understand the purpose of modelling the deformation response of materials
• Describe and analyse the stress-strain response of simple geometries under uniform mechanical and thermal loads, distinguishing between true and nominal stress and strain
• Understand a systematic strategy for materials selection for a given component, and use the Cambridge Engineering Selector software to find material data and select materials
• Choose materials from material property charts using simple calculations (e.g. stiffness and strength of beams at minimum weight)
• Choose primary shaping process from process attribute charts, and estimate the cost of manufacture for batch processing
• Understand the environmental impact of materials in the life cycle of products
• Describe the mechanisms of failure in all classes of material
• Apply fracture mechanics analysis to design against fracture in metals, and Weibull failure statistics for design in ceramics
• Describe and model fatigue fracture in design with metals
• Analyse the visco-elastic response of polymers, for both static and cyclic loading
• Briefly describe the mechanisms of wear in engineering

Content

Introduction (1L, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

Classes of engineering materials; materials in design (design-limiting properties); life-cycle of materials. (1) Chap. 1,2,20; (2) Chap. 1,3; (3) Chap. 30; (4) Chap. 27

Elastic Properties of Materials (5L, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Elastic stiffness in design: analysis of stress and strain, thermal stress. (1) Chap. 4,12; (3) Chap. 3; (5) Chap. 7
• Young's modulus and density: measurement, data and materials property charts: introduction to Cambridge Engineering Selector software; stiffness-limited component design. (1) Chap. 4,5; (2) Chap. 3-6; (3) Chap. 3,7; (5) Chap. 7
• Microstructure of engineering materials I: Atomic/molecular structure and bonding; physical basis of elastic modulus and density. (1) Chap. 4; (3) Chap. 4-6; (5) Chap. 2-4
• Manipulating properties I: Elastic properties in composites and foams. (1) Chap. 4; (2) Chap. 13; (3) Chap. 6

Plastic Properties of Materials (4L, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Tensile and hardness testing, measurement of strength, data and material property charts: strength-limited component design. (1) Chap. 6,7; (2) Chap. 3-6; (3) Chap. 8,11,12,31; (4) Chap. 4-6; (5) Chap. 7
• Microstructure of engineering materials II: Atomic basis of plasticity, dislocations. (1) Chap. 6; (3) Chap. 9; (5) Chap. 8
• Manipulating properties II: Strengthening mechanisms in metals. (1) Chap. 6,14; (3) Chap. 10; (5) Chap. 8,12

Process Selection and Environmental Impact in Design (2L, Dr H.R. Shercliff)

• Selection of manufacturing process and cost estimation for batch processes. (1) Chap. 18; (2) Chap. 7,8
• Environmental impact and life cycle analysis of materials. (1) Chap. 20; (2) Chap. 16; (5) Chap. 21

Fracture and Fatigue of Materials (4L, Dr A.E. Markaki)

• Toughness, fracture toughness and fatigue fracture.
• Micromechanisms of brittle and ductile fracture, and of fatigue, in metals.
• Analysis of fracture and fatigue in design.
• Weibull statistics for ceramic fracture.

         (1) Chap. 6,8-10; (3) Chap. 13-19; (4) Chap. 18,23; (5) Chap. 9

Viscoelasticity and Wear of Materials (4L, Dr T Savin)

• Constitutive modelling of materials deformation.
• Elasticity and viscoelasticity.
• Case studies.
• Micromechanisms of friction and wear in materials.

         (1) Chap. 11

REFERENCES

(1) ASHBY, M., SHERCLIFF, H. & CEBON, D. MATERIALS: ENGINEERING, SCIENCE, PROCESSING AND DESIGN
(2) ASHBY, M.F. MATERIALS SELECTION IN MECHANICAL DESIGN
(3) ASHBY, M.F. & JONES, D.R.H ENGINEERING MATERIALS 1
(4) ASHBY, M.F. & JONES, D.R.H ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2
(5) CALLISTER, W.D. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING: AN INTRODUCTION

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 10/09/2018 12:43

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Introduce the basic language of fluid dynamics (lift, drag, pressure, streamlines etc.).
• Familiarise students with the scope and applications of thermodynamics.
• Introduce the control volume concept
• Teach the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and the Second Law of Thermodynamics, both for systems and for control volumes.
• Show how velocity and pressure are related.
• Teach the properties and behaviour of substances, especially of ideal gases.
• Examine engineering applications, such as buoyancy, flow measurement, lift and drag forces, etc.
• Demonstrate the application of the basic principles of Thermodynamics to the analysis of simple cycles.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand the concepts of mass, momentum, heat, work, energy and entropy in Thermofluid Mechanics.
• Understand the basic principles of hydrostatics.
• Understand how to use manometers and other instruments/tehcniques for the investigation of fluid flows.
• Identify a thermofluid system or control volume and the flows of mass, momentum, heat and work that are associated with a given problem.
• Understand the origin of lift and drag
• Apply the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics to a system
• Evaluate entropy changes for reversible and irreversible processes.
• Decide when Bernoulli's equation is applicable to a fluid flow and then apply it.
• Understand the behaviour of pure substances, the meaning of selected properties (p,v,s, T,u,h) and their use in analyses, and how to determine their values using thermodynamic tables and analytical expressions (e.g. pv = RT).
• Understand the use of the isentropic relations for perfect gases.
• Understand the fundamental relationships of fluid dynamics and apply them to engineering problems.
• Perform thermodynamic analyses for ideal cycles such as the Otto ("gasoline engine"), Diesel and Joule ("gas turbine") cycles.

Content

PART 1 – FLUID MECHANICS (Dr N Atkins)

Introduction to Thermofluid Mechanics (1.0L)

• The significance of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
• What is a fluid? 
• Forces in fluids. 
• Terminology of Fluid Dynamics.

Fluid Statics (Hydrostatics) (2.0L)

• Basic equations. 
• Variation of pressure with depth. 
• Manometers and barometers.
• Forces on submerged bodies. 
• Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle. 

Control volume approach (1.0L)

• Systems and control volumes.
• Conservation of mass in control volumes. 

Steady momentum equation (2.0L)

• Newton's 2nd law applied to control volumes (steady flow momentum equation). 
• Steady momentum equation in two dimensions. 

Bernoulli's equation (2.0L)

• Derivation.
• Applications (Venturi, discharge, flow measurement). 
• Open channel flows.

Curved Streamlines (1.0L)

• Coanda effect. 
• Magnus effect. 
• Circulation and lift. 

Summary and examples (1.0L)

PART II – THERMODYNAMICS (1.0L) (Dr C Hall, Lectures 11 – 24)

Introduction and Fundamental Concepts (1L)

• What is Thermodynamics?
• The scope of Thermodynamics.
• Classical Thermodynamics versus Molecular Thermodynamics.
• Thermodynamic Systems, Properties and Thermodynamic State.
• Thermodynamic Equilibrium, The Two-property rule.

The First Law of Thermodynamics (1L)

• Work, Heat and Energy.
• General statement of the First Law for a closed system.
• Cyclic processes, adiabatic processes.

Property Relations and Ideal Gases (1L)

• Pure substances and phases.
• Definition of enthalpy (H), specific heat capacities.
• Ideal gas relations: perfect and semi-perfect gases.

Application of the 1st Law to Perfect Gases (1L)

• Isobaric, isochoric and isothermal processes.
• Adiabatic compression and expansion.
• Polytropic processes.

The Second Law of Thermodynamic (1.5L)

• Reversible and irreversible processes.
• The Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of the Second Law.
• Heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps.
• Cycle efficiency and coefficient of performance.
• The Carnot cycle.

Temperature (0.5L)

• The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.
• Empirical temperature scales, the perfect gas temperature scale.
• Thermodynamic temperature. Temperature measurement.

Entropy (2L)

• Revision of 1st and 2nd Laws
• The Clausius Inequality.
• The definition of entropy (S)
• Entropy changes for reversible and irreversible processes.

Application and Interpretation of Entropy (1L)

• The “Tds” equations. Entropy of a perfect gas.
• Entropy changes of isolated systems: principle of maximum entropy.
• Molecular interpretation

Applications I: Reciprocating internal combustion engines (1L)

• Spark ignition and compression ignition engines.
• The Air-standard cycles: Otto and Diesel.
• Practical considerations.

Control volume analysis (1L)

• Mass conservation revisited.
• First Law applied to control volumes

Steady Flow Processes (1L)

• The steady flow energy equation (SFEE).
• Throttling processes; compressors and turbines

The Second Law for Control Volumes (1L)

• Entropy changes for flow processes.
• Steady reversible and irreversible flow.
• Isentropic flow.

The Applications II: Gas Turbines and Jet Engines (1L)

• The air-standard Joule cycle.
• The jet engine.

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 30/05/2023 15:08

Aims

The aims of the course are to:

• Introduce the basic language of fluid dynamics (lift, drag, pressure, streamlines etc.).
• Familiarise students with the scope and applications of thermodynamics.
• Introduce the control volume concept
• Teach the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and the Second Law of Thermodynamics, both for systems and for control volumes.
• Show how velocity and pressure are related.
• Teach the properties and behaviour of substances, especially of ideal gases.
• Examine engineering applications, such as buoyancy, flow measurement, lift and drag forces, etc.
• Demonstrate the application of the basic principles of Thermodynamics to the analysis of simple cycles.

Objectives

As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:

• Understand the concepts of mass, momentum, heat, work, energy and entropy in Thermofluid Mechanics.
• Understand the basic principles of hydrostatics.
• Understand how to use manometers and other instruments/tehcniques for the investigation of fluid flows.
• Identify a thermofluid system or control volume and the flows of mass, momentum, heat and work that are associated with a given problem.
• Understand the origin of lift and drag
• Apply the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics to a system
• Evaluate entropy changes for reversible and irreversible processes.
• Decide when Bernoulli's equation is applicable to a fluid flow and then apply it.
• Understand the behaviour of pure substances, the meaning of selected properties (p,v,s, T,u,h) and their use in analyses, and how to determine their values using thermodynamic tables and analytical expressions (e.g. pv = RT).
• Understand the use of the isentropic relations for perfect gases.
• Understand the fundamental relationships of fluid dynamics and apply them to engineering problems.
• Perform thermodynamic analyses for ideal cycles such as the Otto ("gasoline engine"), Diesel and Joule ("gas turbine") cycles.

Content

N(P) indicates reference and page number

PART 1 – FLUID MECHANICS (Dr N Atkins)

Introduction to Thermofluid Mechanics (1.0L)

• The significance of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
• What is a fluid? (3) 12, (4)6
• Forces in fluids. (3) 15, 4(9)
• Terminology of Fluid Dynamics. 3(33), 4(41)

Fluid Statics (Hydrostatics) (2.0L)

• Basic equations. (3)47, 4(20)
• Variation of pressure with depth. 3(49), 4(23)
• Manometers and barometers. 3(53), 4(26)
• Forces on submerged bodies. 3 (62), 4(30)
• Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle.3(74), 4(33)

Control volume approach (1.0L)

• Systems and control volumes.
• Conservation of mass in control volumes. 3(97), 4(54)

Steady momentum equation(2.0L)

• Newton's 2nd law applied to control volumes (steady flow momentum equation)(3)143, 4(70)
• Steady momentum equation in two dimensions. 3(143), 5(70)

Bernoulli's equation (2.0L)

• Derivation.(3)99, 4(56)
• Applications (Venturi, discharge, flow measurement). 3(110), 4((62)
• Open channel flows.3(433), 5(69)

Curved Streamlines (1.0L)

• Coanda effect. 3(115)
• Magnus effect. 3(415)
• Circulation and lift. 3(419), 4(161)

Summary and examples (1.0L)

PART II – THERMODYNAMICS (1.0L) (Dr C Hall, Lectures 11 – 24)

Introduction and Fundamental Concepts (1L)

• What is Thermodynamics?
• The scope of Thermodynamics.
• Classical Thermodynamics versus Molecular Thermodynamics.
• Thermodynamic Systems, Properties and Thermodynamic State.
• Thermodynamic Equilibrium, The Two-property rule.

The First Law of Thermodynamics (1L)

• Work, Heat and Energy.
• General statement of the First Law for a closed system.
• Cyclic processes, adiabatic processes.

Property Relations and Ideal Gases (1L)

• Pure substances and phases.
• Definition of enthalpy (H), specific heat capacities.
• Ideal gas relations: perfect and semi-perfect gases.

Application of the 1st Law to Perfect Gases (1L)

• Isobaric, isochoric and isothermal processes.
• Adiabatic compression and expansion.
• Polytropic processes.

The Second Law of Thermodynamic (1.5L)

• Reversible and irreversible processes.
• The Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of the Second Law.
• Heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps.
• Cycle efficiency and coefficient of performance.
• The Carnot cycle.

Temperature (0.5L)

• The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.
• Empirical temperature scales, the perfect gas temperature scale.
• Thermodynamic temperature. Temperature measurement.

Entropy (2L)

• Revision of 1st and 2nd Laws
• The Clausius Inequality.
• The definition of entropy (S)
• Entropy changes for reversible and irreversible processes.

Application and Interpretation of Entropy (1L)

• The “Tds” equations. Entropy of a perfect gas.
• Entropy changes of isolated systems: principle of maximum entropy.
• Molecular interpretation

Applications I: Reciprocating internal combustion engines (1L)

• Spark ignition and compression ignition engines.
• The Air-standard cycles: Otto and Diesel.
• Practical considerations.

Control volume analysis (1L)

• Mass conservation revisited.
• First Law applied to control volumes

Steady Flow Processes (1L)

• The steady flow energy equation (SFEE).
• Throttling processes; compressors and turbines

The Second Law for Control Volumes (1L)

• Entropy changes for flow processes.
• Steady reversible and irreversible flow.
• Isentropic flow.

The Applications II: Gas Turbines and Jet Engines (1L)

• The air-standard Joule cycle.
• The jet engine.

REFERENCES

(1) CENGEL, Y.A. & BOLES, M.A. THERMODYNAMICS: AN ENGINEERING APPROACH
(2) HOMSY, G.M.(ed.) MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(3) MORAN, M.J. & SHAPIRO, H.N. FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(4) NAKAYAMA, Y.; & BOUCHER, R.F. INTRODUCTION TO FLUID MECHANICS
(5) ROGERS, G.F.C. & MAYHEW, Y.R. ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(6) SAMIMY, M., et al. A GALLERY OF FLUID MOTION
(7) SONNTAG, R.E., BORGNAKKE, C., & VAN WYLEN, G.J. FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS
(8) VAN DYKE, M. AN ALBUM OF FLUID MOTION

This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:

Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.

 
Last modified: 20/05/2021 07:33