Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4C6: Advanced Linear Vibrations, 2025-26
Module Leader
Lecturers
Timing and Structure
Michaelmas term. 13 lectures + 2 examples classes + coursework. Assessment: 75% exam/25% coursework.
Prerequisites
3C6 assumed.
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- teach advanced tools for the understanding, measurement, attenuation, and analysis of vibration in engineering structures.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be familiar with the theory and practice of modal analysis and its application to engineering structures.
- apply experimental modal techniques.
- analyse simple damped vibrating systems.
- understand the physical principles of vibration damping and methods for deliberately introducing damping.
- understand the vibration behaviour of idealised system components, and be able to draw implications from this for complex coupled systems.
- be able to analyse simple systems from a wave propagation perspective.
- understand the properties of periodic structures (metamaterials) and be able to predict their behaviour.
Content
Measurement methods and modal analysis (4L, Dr Tore Butlin)
- Instrumentation for vibration measurement;
- Review of modal analysis; General properties of vibration response;
- Introduction to experimental modal analysis; Modelling the bounce of a hammer;
- Signal processing techniques for identifying useful information from vibration tests;
- Applications.
Analysis of damped systems (4L, Dr Tore Butlin)
- Mechanisms of damping: complex modulus, boundary dissipation, lumped dissipative elements;
- Methods for adding damping to structures;
- Feedforward active noise control;
- Viscous damping, complex modes;
- The Helmholtz resonator and its uses.
System components and modelling techniques (4L Dr Tore Butlin)
- The circular membrane, Bessel functions, mode shapes and frequencies;
- Understanding vibration from a wave propagation perspective;
- Periodic structures and metamaterials;
- Numerical techniques for complex structures;
- Coupling of subsystems, constraints and the interlacing theorem.
Further notes
Coursework
One laboratory experiment on experimental modal analysis, to be performed in pairs, essentially unsupervised. A booking sheet will offer a wide range of possible times at which the experiment may be performed. A normal laboratory write-up is to be prepared, which will be assessed for the coursework credit. Total time commitment will be comparable to a Part IIA experiment plus FTR.
| Coursework | Format |
Due date & marks |
|---|---|---|
|
Lab experiment: modal analysis Measure vibration transfer functions over a grid of points covering a simple structure, then use modal analysis techniques explained in the lectures to infer the first few mode shapes. Learning objective:
|
Individual/pair Report Anonymously marked |
Completed reports should be submitted via Moodle as a PDF file by 4pm on Mon 2 Dec [15/15] |
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
E4
Understanding of and ability to apply a systems approach to engineering problems.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US2
A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of mathematical and computer models relevant to the engineering discipline, and an appreciation of their limitations.
Last modified: 06/10/2025 14:57
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4C5: Design Case Studies, 2025-26
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof. J Clarkson and Prof. N Crilly
Timing and Structure
Lent term. 16 lecture slots, including lectures, group discussion and time for coursework. Assessment: 100% coursework. Lectures and discussions will be recorded.
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of engineering design
- explore this multi-disciplinarity through diverse case studies.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- demonstrate the skills and knowledge listed under each coursework element.
Content
Design approaches and systems approaches are central to invention and innovation. This is true not only in engineering, but also across a broad range of sectors and roles, including management, strategy and policy. The course supports students develop design and systems skills related to identifying requirements, developing solutions and demonstrating the value of those solutions.
The focus is on stakeholder engagement, with students working to understand what key stakeholders require and how designs can be developed to satisfy those requirements. Such stakeholder-focussed activities are central to many professional roles, including consulting practices.
The course is based on two projects. Each project will occupy eight lecture slots, with approximately two slots for each project being used for coursework activities. Notes or slides summarising the main points for each project will be made available.
Coursework
There will be a coursework exercise linked to each project.
| Coursework | Format |
Due date & marks |
|---|---|---|
|
Consumer Product The purpose of this project is to expose students to a research and development process for a design concept focussed on recreational use (sports, hobbies and pastimes). Learning objectives: After completing this coursework, students should be able to
|
One individual report, anonymously marked |
Approximately Week 5 (exact date TBD) [30/60] |
|
Industrial System The purpose of this project is to expose students to the complete design process for an inhaler test machine. Learning objectives: After completing this coursework, students should be able to
|
Two individual reports. Anonymously marked |
Approximately Weeks 6 and 8 (exact date TBD) [30/60] |
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D2
Understand customer and user needs and the importance of considerations such as aesthetics.
D4
Ability to generate an innovative design for products, systems, components or processes to fulfil new needs.
D6
Manage the design process and evaluate outcomes.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
E4
Understanding of and ability to apply a systems approach to engineering problems.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P4
Understanding use of technical literature and other information sources.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
Last modified: 09/02/2026 16:51
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4C4: Design Methods (shared with IIA), 2025-26
Leader
Lecturers
Prof. PO Kristensson, Prof. JM. Cullen
Timing and Structure
Shared with IIA. Michaelmas term. 14 lectures + 2 examples classes. Assessment: 100% exam
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- present useful tools for designers of all disciplines and illustrate the practical application of systems engineering and risk management techniques.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- formulate a design problem, allowing the widest range of valid solutions.
- evaluate competing design concepts systematically.
- use techniques such as quality function deployment, and various creative methods.
- search for ways in which a design can fail, and assess likelihood of failure.
- appreciate how basic evaluation techniques can be applied to a complex design.
- appreciate how decisions regarding product architecture influence performance.
Content
Design Tools (7L)
Introduction to the design process; problem formulation; methods of searching for solutions; techniques for design evaluation; guidelines for embodiment design.
Systems Engineering (3L)
Introduction to systems engineering; system thinking; Dependency Structure Matrices; sustainable systems.
Risk Management (4L)
Introduction to risk management; rework; verification and validation; risk in systems; risk assessment.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
D4
Ability to generate an innovative design for products, systems, components or processes to fulfil new needs.
D6
Manage the design process and evaluate outcomes.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
P8
Ability to apply engineering techniques taking account of a range of commercial and industrial constraints.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
Last modified: 05/06/2025 15:18
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4C3: Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, 2025-26
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof. J Durrell, Dr J Alexander-Webber
Timing and Structure
Michaelmas term. 14 lectures + 2 Exercise Classes/Practical Demonstrations. Assessment: 100% exam. Will be taught in person with lectures recorded.
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce a range of modern functional materials and devices emphasising their processing, properties and limitations.
- introduce principles to describe the origins of the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of materials, and to explore structure-property relationships for bulk, thin film and nano-materials.
- discuss how these properties can be characterised and engineered for applications ranging from bulk superconductors to piezoelectric sensors, integrated CMOS, solid state lighting, displays and non-volatile memory.
- provide analysis of the key issues shaping the field and the key technologies reshaping society.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- appreciate the range and diversity of modern functional materials.
- understand band diagrams and basic implications of quantum mechanics.
- understand qualitatively the origin of ferromagnetic and superconducting order in materials and how this results in useful materials properties.
- understand how extrinsic and intrinsic factors affect the performance of magnetic, superconducting and electrical materials.
- be able to apply their understanding of functional materials to making materials selection decisions.
- understand ferroic, non-linear response materials and the underlying phase transitions.
- understand interface behaviour and basic junctions as the basis for semiconductor device engineering.
- understand size-effects and how materials structure and properties can be controlled from the bulk to thin films and down to the nanoscale.
- understand manufacturing and characterisation requirements of these materials.
- identify current and future materials for a range of state-of-the-art sensor, integrated circuit, lighting, display and memory technologies.
Content
Magnetic, Superconducting and Electrical Materials (7L+ 1, Prof. J Durrell)
- Basics: Recap of magnetic and electrical fields in materials
(1L – flipped classroom: worksheet to study before lecture) - Magnetic Materials and Applications (2L);
- Superconducting Materials and Applications (2L);
- Electrical and Multi-ferroic Materials and Applications (2L);
- Guided Classwork Exercise and Superconductivity Demonstration (1L)
Optoelectronic materials and devices (7L + 1, Dr J Alexander-Webber
Setting the scene – Materials for digital technology and modern information society (1L)
Introduction to Modern Theory of Solids and Opto-Electronic Device Materials
- Bonds and Bands in Solids (1L)
- Mind the Gap: Semiconductors & Insulators (1L)
- From thin films to emerging nanomaterials (2L)
Material Challenges in Opto-Electronic Device Applications
- Interface is the Device: Very large scale integration (VLSI): CMOS technology (1L)
- Let there be light: light emitting diodes, lasers and display technology (1L)
- Guided Classwork Exercise and EE lab/clean room tour (1L)
Booklists
Coey J.M.D., ‘Magnetism and Magnetic Materials’, CUP (NA166).
Available online to CUED students [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/magnetism-and-magnetic-materials/AD...
‘Superconductivity’. Poole (Elsevier)
Available online to CUED students: [https://cam.userservices.exlibrisgroup.com/view/action/uresolver.do?oper...
Braithwaite N. and Weaver G., ‘Electronic Materials’, Butterworths (JA179)
Ohring M., The Materials Science of Thin Films (JA204)
Kasap S.O., ‘Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices’, McGraw-Hill
Useful as a simple guide on quantum mechanics :
Allison J., ‘Electronic Engineering Semiconducting Devices’, McGraw-Hill (NR290)
Campbell S.A., ‘Science and Engineering of Microelectronic Fabrication’ (OUP)
Plummer J. D., Silicon VLSI technology (NQ79)
Dresselhaus et al., Topics in Applied Physics, Carbon Nanotubes, DOI: 10.1007/3-540-39947-X
Avouris et al., 2D Materials: Properties and Devices, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316681619 (available online via UCam library)
Reference:
Kittel C., ‘Introduction to Solid State Physics’ (Wiley)
Elliott S.R., ‘Physics and Chemistry of Solids’ (Wiley)
Madou M. J., Fundamentals of Microfabrication (DM.7&8 Folio)
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 05/06/2025 16:33
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4C2: Designing with Composites, 2025-26
Module Leader
Lecturer
Prof. MPF Sutcliffe and Prof. AE Markaki
Lab leader
Prof. AE Markaki
Timing and Structure
Michaelmas term. 13 lectures + 1 examples class + 10 hours coursework. Assessment: 75% exam / 25% coursework
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- develop a systematic approach to design with composites based on mechanical properties and to understand the practical considerations associated with design, manufacture and service requirements.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be familiar with the range of composite systems in use.
- derive and use formulae to bound composite material properties.
- perform simple laminate analysis by hand, and more complex analysis with the help of appropriate software.
- be familiar with the use of carpet plots to choose laminates based on stiffness.
- understand the detailed mechanisms of lamina and laminate failure.
- use strength models of failure for lamina and laminates.
- describe design processes commonly used for composite structures.
- be familiar with the manufacturing routes for composites.
- use selection charts to select an appropriate manufacturing route.
- understand the practical requirements associated with joining, manufacture and service use.
Content
Introduction and processing (1L, Prof. MPF Sutcliffe)
- Introduction
- Fabrication technology
Elastic deformation of laminates (5L, Prof. AE Markaki)
- Elastic deformation of composites (stiffness bounds) and material property charts.
- On and off-axis elastic constants of laminates.
- Elastic deformation of laminates.
Designing against failure (4L, Prof. MPF Sutcliffe)
- Underlying mechanisms of yield and failure for laminate. Strength of a single ply.
- Failure of laminates. Strength models. Splitting and delamination. Composite toughness.
- Testing methods.
Practical Laminate Design (3L, Prof. MPF Sutcliffe)
- Laminate design methods. Carpet plots. Case studies.
- Composite Compressive Strength Modeller software.
Further notes
Examples papers
Examples Paper 1: Elastic deformation
Examples Paper 2: Strength
Examples Paper 3: Practical considerations
Coursework
| Coursework | Format |
Due date & marks |
|---|---|---|
|
Case Study: Establish design criteria for a simple structure (10 hours) Learning objective:
|
Individual Report anonymously marked |
Coursework reports are to be handed in via moodle, preliminary report by 4 pm 2 Dec, final report by 4 pm on Thu week 1 (Lent Term): [15/60] |
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
D1
Wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 26/07/2025 00:45
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4B19: Renewable Electrical Power, 2025-26
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof. H J Joyce; Dr S Goetz
Timing and Structure
Michaelmas term. 16 lectures. Assessment: 100% exam
Prerequisites
3B3, 3B4, 3B5 (desirable), 3B6 (desirable)
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce the main types of renewable electrical power and the main electrical technologies that underpin the generation of renewable electrical power and its integration into the existing electrical transmission and distribution network.
- explain the technologies that enable renewable electricity sources to be integrated into the existing grid at both the transmission and distribution level.
- explain the implications for electrical power systems of the increasing integration of renewable electrical power sources.
- outline the means of quantifying the economic viability of renewable electrical power generation, and show how Government policy can have a significant influence on this.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- know the various sources of renewable electrical energy and be able to quantify the theoretical energy available from these.
- understand the characteristics of wind turbines and the electromechanical technologies required to match these to generate power to the existing electrical grid.
- understand the theory of asynchronous machines used for large-scale wind generation and why they find widespread use in this application.
- know the theory of permanent magnet and salient pole synchronous machines, and their roles in offshore wind generation and hydroelectric/tidal barrage schemes, respectively.
- understand the operation of a p-n junction diode as PV solar cell, and the means of fabrication of Si solar cells and solar modules.
- know the equivalent circuit for a solar cell.
- understand how the electronic and optical/photonic performance of a solar cell is optimised.
- appreciate the vital role that power electronics plays in renewable electrical power systems with reference to DC links for offshore wind power and solar PV.
- know how electrical power systems are controlled, and appreciate the impact of connecting renewable energy sources at both the transmission and distribution level.
- understand how economics and Government policy affects renewable electricity decision making.
Content
This course is concerned with the electrical technologies that underpin the sources of renewable electricity that make a significant contribution to overall electrical power generation: large-scale wind power; solar PV; hydroelectricity. The theory and operation of these technologies will be explained, with a focus on the electrical aspects. The course will also provide an introduction to some of the enabling technologies that facilitate the connection of renewable electricity sources into the existing 3 phase grid, such as power electronic converters and energy storage equipment. The implications of increasing the proportion of renewable electricity on the operation of the grid will be outlined, as will the economics of renewable energy systems. The effect of Government policy on the uptake of renewable electricity projects will also be briefly considered.
Background to renewable energy (1L, Dr S. Goetz)
- Definition, context and arguments for renewable electrical energy.
- Sources of renewable electrical power: hydroelectricity; tidal barrages; wave power; tidal motion; large and small-scale wind power; biomass; solar PV.
- Planning and regulatory issues.
Large-scale wind power (4L, Dr S. Goetz)
- Characteristics of wind energy; theoretical power available from the wind (Betz limit and tip-speed ratio); types of wind turbine; control of wind turbines; use of gearboxes; the arguments for fixed and variable speed wind power; options for generator technology.
- Induction generators for large-scale wind power: extension of induction motor theory to generators; generator torque-slip characteristic; speed control by rotor resistance; speed control by slip energy recovery; theory of doubly-fed induction generators; control of reactive power.
- Arguments for offshore wind power, advantages and disadvantages; permanent magnet generators for offshore wind power, theory of permanent magnet generators; connection of offshore wind power into the grid; need for DC links for far-offshore generation.
Introduction to hydroelectric and tidal barrage schemes (1L, Dr S. Goetz)
- Quantifying the energy available from hydro and tidal barrage schemes.
- Role within electrical supply system – constant power vs pumped storage operation.
- Turbine design – influence of head of water.
- Salient pole synchronous generators – theory and calculations.
Solar photovoltaics and power electronics for renewables (8L, Prof. H. J. Joyce)
- The sun as a source of energy
- Semiconductor fundamentals and the p-n junction (3B5 revision)
- Photocurrent generation and charge carrier collection in solar cells
- Optimising solar cell efficiency
- Solar cell fabrication
- Grid integration
Integration of renewable sources into the grid (1L, Dr S. Goetz)
- Overview of UK grid.
- Control of real and reactive power flows.
- Integration of renewable power into existing grid: issues of 'where' and 'when' renewable sources are available.
- Use of energy storage technologies.
- Embedded generation.
Introduction to economics of renewable electricity (1L, Dr S. Goetz)
- Introduction to basic economic concepts.
- Simple cost model.
- Inclusion of interest rate/inflation – discounted cash flow analysis.
- Case studies: large hydroelectric plant; small domestic wind turbine vs solar photovoltaics.
- Government incentives and their effects.
Further notes
None.
Examples papers
Two examples papers will be issued.
Coursework
None.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
Last modified: 01/10/2025 22:22
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4B11: Photonic Systems, 2025-26
Module Leader
Lecturer
Prof T Wilkinson
Timing and Structure
Michaelmas term. 14 lectures. Assessment: 100% exam
Prerequisites
3B6 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- understand how Fourier optics can be used to manipulate light in many applications
- examine the advance of optical techniques into electronic systems for computation and communications.
- investigage the technology behind such potential applications
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- a simple introduction to optical diffraction and Fourier optics.
- apply Fourier techniques to simple optical spatial patterns.
- understand the principles of optical correlation and holography.
- understand the basic principles of liquid crystal phase modulation.
- explain the principles and construction of spatial light modulators (SLMs).
- understand the basic principles of free space optical systems and how to build them
- know the basic function of adaptive optical systems.
- understand the properties of optical aberrations and how to correct them.
Content
The aim of this module is to examine the advance of optical techniques into electronic systems for computation and communications. Two dimensional and three dimensional transmission, storage and processing of information using free space optics are discussed. Applications such as computer generated holography, optical correlation, optical switching and adaptive optics are highlighted through the use of liquid crystal technology.
Fourier Holograms and Correlation (5L)
- Basic diffraction theory, Huygens principle
- Fourier Transforms and Holography introduction and motivation;
- Fourier transforms: theoretical and with lenses: resolution of optical systems;
- Correlation and convolution of 2-dimensional signal patterns;
- Dynamic and fixed phase computer generated holograms.
Electro-Optic Systems (5L)
- Free space optical components; wave plates and Jones matrices
- Fundamentals of liquid crystal phase modulation
- Spatial light modulation and optical systems;
- Holographic interconnects and fibre to fibre switching
- Wavelength filters and routing systems
- The BPOMF and 1/f JTC correlators.
Adaptive optical Systems (4L)
- Adaptive systems in free space optics;
- The power of phase conjugation;
- Adaptive optical interconnects;
- Optical aberrations and optical correction techniques;
Demonstrations in the lectures will include:
- 2D Fourier transform and diffraction patterns.
- Computer generated hologram for optical fan-out.
- Optical beam steering with dynamic holograms on SLMs.
- The JTC
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
E4
Understanding of and ability to apply a systems approach to engineering problems.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US2
A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of mathematical and computer models relevant to the engineering discipline, and an appreciation of their limitations.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 18/06/2025 14:08
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4B2: Power Microelectronics, 2025-26
Module Leader
Lecturer
Prof F Udrea
Timing and Structure
Lent term. 14 lectures (includes one example class). Assessment: 100% exam. Lectures will be in person. Check timetable in Moodle.
Prerequisites
3B3 & 3B5 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- provide an introduction to the world of modern power semiconductor devices, and their applications in the electronics Industry.
- cover material specific to power semiconductor devices not covered in other modules in semiconductors.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- understand how the design of power semiconductor devices takes account of high voltage and currents
- explain the practical operating conditions pertaining to power semiconductor devices
- analyse power circuit segments
- know the features of the main types of power electronic devices
- understand the semiconductor technologies in power devices
Content
Introduction
Introduction to power electronics and power devices. Basics of power electronics, power devices and applications. P-N junction theory.
Power Diodes
High voltage pn junction theory. Breakdown theory. None punch-through (NPT) and punch-through (PT) high voltage junction. On-state - high level injection. Lifetime. Turn-off reverse recovery
Field Control
Curvature effects in high voltage junctions, Edge effects, Field plates, Terminations in power devices.
Power Bipolar Devices
Bipolar Juction transistor (BJT).
Thyristors
The thyristor (concept & technology). The GTO thyristor, Switching aids for transistors and thyristors.
Power MOS Devices
The power MOSFET: Concept, modes of operation. trade-offs.
Power MOSFET Modelling
The power MOSFET modelling, technologies and advanced devices.
Insulted Gate Bipolar Transistors
The Insulted Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT): modes of operation. trade-offs.
IGBTs II
The IGBTs, modelling, technologies and advanced concepts.
Power Integrated Circuits (PICs)
Power Intergated Circuits (PICS) and High Voltage Integrated Circuits (HVICs): introduction, lateral devices for PICs and HVICs, concepts, modes of operation.
Wide bandgap materials and devices.
Figure of merit (FOM) for wide bandgap materials. Architectures, designs and challenges of Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gasllium Nitride (GaN) devices.
Coursework
n/a
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E2
Ability to extract data pertinent to an unfamiliar problem, and apply its solution using computer based engineering tools when appropriate.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P1
A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations and some appreciation of likely new developments.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 04/06/2025 13:26
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A12: Turbulence & Vortex Dynamics, 2025-26
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof E Mastorakos and Dr J Li
Timing and Structure
Michaelmas term. 16 lectures (including examples classes). Assessment: 100% exam.
Prerequisites
3A1 assumed; 3A3 useful
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- introduce the physical basis of turbulence as well as its practical implications for engineers; turbulence is a common feature of fluid flows in the atmosphere and the ocean, in aerodynamics and in chemically-reacting flows such as combustion.
- introduce the basic rules of vortex dynamics, which is identified as controlling energy transfers between different scales in a turbulent flow.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- be aware of the turbulent nature of most flows of interest to engineers and its influence on the transfer processes involving momentum, heat and mass.
- interpret fluid motion in terms of the creation and transport of vorticity.
- understand energy transfer between mean flow and turbulent fluctuations (Reynolds stresses).
- understand energy transfer between the different scales of turbulence and the mechanism of dissipation.
- be aware of the more common phenomenological models of turbulence currently used by engineers and of their underlying assumptions and limitations.
Content
Turbulence and Vortex Dynamics (16L)
- Introduction to turbulence: Pictures of turbulence. Universality of turbulence in flows as the final result of instabilities. Engineering consequences.
- Some simple illustrations of vortex dynamics: The persistence of rotation (angular momentum) in flows. Another description of fluid dynamics: the vorticity equation. Lift and induced motion, with application to aerodynamics and hovering insects. Swirling flows with application to tornadoes, hurricanes and tidal vortices.
- Basic concepts in turbulence theory: Order from chaos - Reynolds decomposition and Reynolds equation. Kinetic energy - Production and Dissipation. Introduction to the different scales in Turbulence, from the integral scale to Kolmogorov's micro-scale. Wall-bounded shear flows. Vortex dynamics at work at the large and small scales (worms).
- Phenomenological models of turbulence: Prandlt's Mixing length and k - e model: their assumptions and limitations. Other models. What can be expected from these turbulence models in terms of velocity and heat transfer.
- Current trends in industrial fluid mechanics.
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
P3
Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, technology, development, etc).
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US4
An awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation.
Last modified: 04/06/2025 13:24
Engineering Tripos Part IIB, 4A10: Flow Instability, 2025-26
Module Leader
Lecturers
Prof G R Hunt and Dr S Mandre
Timing and Structure
Lent term. 16 lectures + examples class. Assessment: 100% exam
Prerequisites
3A1 assumed.
Aims
The aims of the course are to:
- develop physical insight into the unsteady behaviour of fluid flows through a range of practical examples, videos and demonstrations
- introduce flow effects not covered in the third year, such as/including the interaction between flexible structures and fluids, rotating flow and the effects of convection and surface tension.
Objectives
As specific objectives, by the end of the course students should be able to:
- understand that even a fluid flow with nominally steady boundary conditions may be unsteady due to flow instability
- analyse the stability of flows by determining whether small disturbances grow or decay with time
- understand how a liquid jet breaks up under the destabilising influence of surface tension
- analyse the stability of inviscid rotating flows
- be aware that concepts in modern nonlinear dynamics, including phase space diagrams and chaos, can be useful in the description of fluid flows
- analyse the instability of simple inviscid shear flows, including the effects of density stratification and surface tension, to discuss the effects of viscosity and the transition to turbulence
- understand the destabilising influence of convection in a fluid heated from below, be able to describe the cellular flow pattern formed (Bénard cells) and the effects of variations in surface tension
- discuss external flow around flexible structures
Content
Instability of fluid flows
- The break up of a liquid jet in air, surface tension effects, mean droplet size
- The stability of rotating flows: Rayleigh's criterion; flow between rotating cylinders; different flows according to parameter range, ranging from Taylor vortices to chaotic flow; relationship to streamwise vortices in boundary layers
- Shear flow instability, temporal and spatial; the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability; the effects of viscosity and transition to turbulence
- Convection due to surface heating, formation of cellular patterns, effect of variations in surface tension
- External flow, flow-induced oscillations of structures, control of oscillations by passive techniques
Booklists
Please refer to the Booklist for Part IIB Courses for references to this module, this can be found on the associated Moodle course.
Examination Guidelines
Please refer to Form & conduct of the examinations.
UK-SPEC
This syllabus contributes to the following areas of the UK-SPEC standard:
Toggle display of UK-SPEC areas.
GT1
Develop transferable skills that will be of value in a wide range of situations. These are exemplified by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Higher Level Key Skills and include problem solving, communication, and working with others, as well as the effective use of general IT facilities and information retrieval skills. They also include planning self-learning and improving performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD.
IA1
Apply appropriate quantitative science and engineering tools to the analysis of problems.
IA2
Demonstrate creative and innovative ability in the synthesis of solutions and in formulating designs.
KU1
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, theories and principles of their engineering discipline, and its underpinning science and mathematics.
KU2
Have an appreciation of the wider multidisciplinary engineering context and its underlying principles.
E1
Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies.
E3
Ability to apply mathematical and computer based models for solving problems in engineering, and the ability to assess the limitations of particular cases.
US1
A comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles of own specialisation and related disciplines.
US3
An understanding of concepts from a range of areas including some outside engineering, and the ability to apply them effectively in engineering projects.
Last modified: 04/06/2025 13:24
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